APPENDIX. 451 



WEEPING SPRUCE. 

 ( P. Jireiveriana Wats.) 



The rarest tree in the northwest, and jDrobably the rarest on this conti- 

 nent, decidedly alpine in habitat, and mostly confined to the Siskiyou Moun- 

 tains. It is a comparatively small tree, with long, slender, jjendent branch- 

 lets, hence, the common name ''weeping '" spruce. 



Range — The Siskiyou Mountains, in Northern California and Southern 

 Oregon, and a few adjoining peaks to the northward. 



Use — Ornamental. 



WESTERN HEMLOCK. 

 {Tsiigaheterophylla.) 



Moisture-loving and capable of enduring a great amount of- shade with- 

 out any apparent injury, this species thrives well along the coast, where it is 

 mingled with the tideland spruce and other coast species. It can also be 

 found following up most of the northwestern river valleys as far as the limit 

 of the region of abundant rainfall, and it is only in these localities that it is 

 found in pure groves by itself and attains its largest development — one hun- 

 dred and fifty feet or more in height by three to five feet in diameter. It 

 has a darker and thinner bark than the alpine hemlock and is a tree of more 

 rapid growth. In altitudinal range it can be found from sea level to five 

 thousand or six tousand feet elevation. 



liamje — Northwestern California to Alaska ( "? 60° north latitude ) and east- 

 ward to the Selkirks. where it is abundant. 



Use — Lumber, fuel, paper pulp, and tanbark. 



ALPINE HEMLOCK. 



(T. Mertensiana.) 



As the common name implies, this is decidedly alpine in habitat, ranging 

 from about ten thousand feet on some of the mountains of California and 

 Idaho to almost sea level in Alaska. About its ujiper limits, particularly on 

 exposed ridges, it is generally scrubby and stunted, but on sheltered slopes 

 it attains a large size, sometimes reaching one hundred feet in height by two 

 and one-half to five feet in diameter. It is a slow grower, close grained, and 

 if accessible would make excellent lumber. The bark is grayish-brown in 

 color, roughly corrugated, very thick, and contains a large amount of 

 tannin. Cones, larger than those of any other Hemlock — one and one-half to 

 three inches long and quite noticeable in the forests, owing to their purple 

 color. 



Range — California to Alaska, and eastward to the Bitter Root and Rocky 

 mountains. 



Vi^e — Fuel, tanbark, etc. 



DOUGLAS SPRUCE. 

 (Pscudotsugu Mucronata, (Raf.) Suclw.) 



Incomparably the finest, most abundant and most useful of the many 

 timber trees of the northwest. Sometimes, though erroneously, called 



