APPENDIX. 455 



ago, and at the present time it is slowly but surely disappearing, being de- 

 limited on the south by aridity and on the north by cold. It attains a great 

 size, two hundred to three hundred feet high by ten to twenty feet or more' 

 in diameter, reaching its densest growth in Humboldt ('ounty, and its great- 

 est forest area in Mendocino County, California. The quantity of lumber 

 that can be cut from a single acre of redwood forest, or manufactured from 

 a single redwood tree, would seem incredible to one who has never had the 

 good fortune to visit or examine a grove of these trees. A single acre in 

 Humboldt County has been known to yield one million four hundred and 

 thirty-one thousand five hundred and thirty feet of lumber, "board meas- 

 ure," while a single tree is on record as having scaled over one hundred 

 thousand feet. The wood, when freshly cut, is decidedly red (hence the 

 common name), but on drying this color fades to a brown. It is the only 

 tree of the whole conifer family that possesses the faculty of sprouting and 

 reproducing from the stump or the fallen trunk, and to this unique property 

 it undoubtedly owes a great part of its present propagation. The bark is 

 very thick and the cones usually small (about the size of a marble) for a tree 

 of such grand proportions. The foliage is dark-green in color, two-ranked, ■ 

 and somewhat resembles that of the Pacific yew. The longest leaves are 

 found in the middle of the season's growth, thus giving it an elliptical form 

 on the branchlets. It has been propagated and borne fertile, seeded cones 

 as far north as Victoria, British ("olumbia, while its near cogener, the 

 " Bigtree " (8. yiyantca). though transplanted and grown successfully at the 

 same locality, has not yet been known to bear fertile cones even as far north 

 as the Columbia River. 



Range — Monterey, California, to Southern Oregon. Not yet known to 

 occur outside of Curry County in this state. 



Use — Lumber, inside finishing, shingles, etc. 



INCENSE CEDAR. 

 (Linocedrus deeurrens Torr.) 



Takes the place of the Pacific red cedar to some extent in Central and 

 Southern Oregon, and is a very valuable tree for farm purposes. Leaves, 

 opposite and oppressed as in all the cedars ; cones, four-fifths to one and one- 

 fifth inches long, with two fertile scales bearing two seeds each, the seeds 

 maturing in one year. Bark on the young trees, thin, reddish and shreddy; 

 on mature trees thick and seamed. 



Range — California to the Santiam Valley, Oregon, the best groves being 

 found in .Jackson and Josephine counties. 



Use — Lumber, farm buildings, fence posts, rails, etc. 



PACIFIC RED CEDAR. 

 (Thuja pUcata, Don). 



Judging from the variety of uses to which this is put, it is undoubtedly 

 the most useful, though not the most valuable, tree in the northwest. It 

 ranges in altitude from sea level to six thousand feet and attains its best 

 development at the lower levels in moist, rich valleys and river bottoms west 



