232 Appendix. 



planting, and varieties most profitable, as this information can be liad to tlie 

 minutest detail from the fifth, sixth, and seventh reports of the State Board of 

 Horticulture. First of all, farmers everywhere should grow berries for family 

 use. Farmers must grow berries or do without. No one can grow them so 

 cheaply as he. He gets them at first cost, fresh from the vine, and to the 

 extent of his own family, has the best market in the world — a home market. 

 He can select the best land location on his own farm, and is sure of a profit with 

 half a crop. The growing of berries for family use is easily done. The growing 

 of berries on a large scale and for market, either for city use, shipment, or 

 cannei-y establishments, requires more care, skill, and business tact. The grow- 

 ing of berries offers a special field for women who are dependant upon their 

 own efforts for support of self and possibly a family. Our large cities, adjacent 

 mining regions, and canning establishments offer excellent markets for berries 

 at remunerative prices. 



MARKETS. 



The natural question following, and perhaps the first one to be asked by 

 the intending orchardist and intell.gent investor is, "Where will you find a 

 market for all this fruit?"' a very pertinent question to ask, and one which 

 requires an honest reply. 



For some years past, as a member of the State Board of Horticulture, I have 

 been convinced that this board should enlarge its scope of usefulness by reach- 

 ing out to seeK reliable information regarding the fruit crops in other States 

 likely to come into competition with out own fruits in the world's markets, 

 as well as to seek new fields for our own choice fruits. With this object in 

 view. I entered into correspondence with the experiment stations. State boards of 

 horticulture, -lorticultural scoieties, and the principal fruitgrowers and dealers 

 throughout the I'nited States, as well as the American consuls in all the various 

 fruit-growing districts in Germany, France, England. Russia. Austria, Hungary. 

 Turkey, Italy. Belgium, Sweden, Holland. Chinese Empire, and Japan. 



The subject of markets is perhaps the most serious problem confronting 

 the fruit-grower, and when we look over the large area that has been planted 

 to fruit, and is still being planted throughout the fruit districts of tlie United 

 States and Canada, we can not help speculating what to do with all these fruits, 

 especially in a good fruit year. 



There is perhaps no fruit which is miore universally planted than the 

 apple, owing to the fact that the apple is par excellence the commercial fruit 

 of the world, and if it were not for the further fact that winter apples and apples 

 which stand ocean transportation are grown comparatively in few localities, we 

 would soon become overstocked. Oregon is especially favored in this respect, as the 

 apples grown in this State have not only excellent keeping qualities, but are well 

 adapted for ocean transportation. 



By reason of these investigations Eastern dealers became familiar with 

 our fruits, which now are to be found in all the larger cities of America and 

 €anada, but my main efforts were directed to foreign markets, being a larger 

 sind more profitable field, and in which we have succeeded admirably, as will 

 be seen by market quotations and sales given later on. 



My attention was first drawn to this matter when the Chamber of Com- 

 merce of Portland honored me as a delegate to the Nicaragua Canal Convention, 

 which was held in New Orleans in November, 1892, and there in conversation 

 with representatives from South American Republics. I learned that these 

 Avould be a good market for northern grown fruits, if freight rates could be 

 arranged. Again my attention was called to it in a letter I received from the 

 American Consul in Manchester, England, stating that a lot of Rogue River 

 apples had found their way there, and that finer apples were never seen, and 

 buyers wanted to contract for the entire output of this man's crop, which was 

 4,000 boxes in 1808, and all were shipped to that point. In this connection 

 the New York Journal of Commerce says : "A large increase in the shipment 



