Insecticides and Fungicides. 239 



Use the water to slake the lime into a very fine dry powder. Add the poison 

 and mix thoroughly. This dust is blown into the air in a cloud by the use of 

 "dust sprayers ' and settles upon foliage and fruit. Dust spraying is much cheaper 

 than spraying with liquids, but results so far obtained indicate that it is less 

 effective for most purposes. All dusting should be done early in the morning 

 while the foliage is yet wet with dew. 



POISONED BAITS. 



Grasshoppers, cut-worms and a few other pests may be destroyed by poisoned 

 baits. These are prepared in various ways. Small bundles of green, succulent 

 vegetation, dipped in a strong solution of any of the above poisons and scattered 

 about the infested field or garden will prove exceedingly tempting to cut-worms 

 particularly if the field was plowed in early spring and is free from vegetation. 

 Such baits are most effective if used in spring just before the crop to be pro- 

 tected comes up. Poisoned slices of potato or some similar vegetable are used to 

 poison sowbugs and wire-worms. Cultivated trees and vines may be successfully 

 protected against the ravages of grasshoppers by use of the so-called bran- 

 arsenic-mash, whlcli is made as follows : 



7. Bran-Aesbnic-Mash. 



White arsenic 1 pound 



Brown sugar 1 to 2 pounds 



Bran 6 pounds 



Mix ingredients thoroughly, then add enough water to make a wet wash. 

 A spoonful should be placed at the base of each tree or vine. For cut-worms 

 a still better bait may be prepared by mixing thoroughly Paris green, bran and 

 middlings as follows : 



8. Paris Green. (Dry Bait.) 



Paris green 1 pound 



Middlings 15 pounds 



Bran 15 pounds 



This may be sown broadcast upon the vegetation about the borders of cul- 

 tivated fields or gardens ; or by use of a seed drill it may be sown along the 

 rows of plants to be protected. So used it has been found especially valuable 

 for destroying cut-worms in onion fields. 



9. Green Arsenoid. 



Green arsenoid is very similar to Paris green, both in appearance and in 

 insecticide properties. It has the valuable properties of Paris green and is 

 cheaper and more finely divided, tl is, therefore, more easily prevented from 

 settling to the bottom of the spray-tank and is more easily distributed as a dust 

 sjiray. It can be substituted for Paris green in any of the above formulas in 

 which the latter is used. 



GROUP II— CONTACT INSECTICIDES. 



10. Lime, Sulphur and Salt. 



The lime, sulphur and salt wash is one of the most satisfactory sprays 

 for San Jose scale and is also of value as a fungicide. It is primarily a winter 

 spray but when much reduced in strength has been used to advantage as a sum- 

 mer spray for San Jose scale. Several methods of preparing it are recommend- 

 ed but the following, known as the Oregon formula, is probably the most 

 satisfactory in this climate: 



Quick lime 50 pounds 



Sulphur 50 pounds 



Salt 50 pounds 



Water 150 gallons 



