Insecticides and Fungicides. 241 



Dissolve the soap in the water by boiling. Add the suds, boiling hot, to 

 the oil Churn the mixtures violently with a spray pump until it becomes a 

 thick creamy mass. If perfectly emulsified, the oil will not rise to the surface 

 even after standing an indefinite time. Such an emulsion may be used immedi- 

 ately or may be kept as a stock mixture. Before using, dilute one part of the 

 stock emulsion with eight or ten parts of water. 



This will be found to be an efficient remedy for green-aphis, woolly-aphis, 

 red-spider, mealy-bugs, and certain scale-insects. 



14. Resin Wash. 



This is a favorite spray in California for several of the scales infesting 

 citrus fruits. In this State its chief value is as a spray for the various kinds 

 of plant-lice. For this purpose. It may be used as a substitute for kerosene emul- 

 sion or whale-oil soap with good results, particularly in the dry summer months. 

 It can also be used as a summer spray for San Jose scale, but we do not advise 

 such use since summer sprays for this pest are less efficient than the winter 

 spray of lime, sulphur and salt. The resin wash may be made as follows : 



Resin 20 pounds 



Concentrated lye 4 pounds 



Fish-oil 2i/> pints 



Water 100 gallons 



Place the resin, lye and oil in a kettle with sufficient water to cover 

 them to a depth of three or four inches. Boil about two hours, making occas- 

 ional additions of water, or until the compound resembles very strong black 

 coffee. Dilute to one-third the final bulk with hot water, or with cold water 

 added slowly over the fire, making a stock mixture which must be diluted to the 

 full amount of one hundred gallons when ready for use. 



One gallon of resin wash to each three gallons of Paris green spray No. 1. 

 or Bordeaux mixture No. 22. may be used advantageously to cause the latter to 

 adhere better to smooth leaves. 



15. Carbolic Acid Emulsion. 



Carbolic acid emulsion is used to destroy the eggs and the young maggots 

 which infest radishes, onions and similar garden crops ; and occasionally for 

 other insects : 



Crude carbolic acid 1 pint 



Hard soap 1 pound 



Water 1 gallon 



Dissolve the soap in boiling water ; add the acid and churn as for kerosene 

 emulsion. Use one part of emulsion to thirty parts of water. 



16. Tobacco. 



The tobacco waste from cigar factories is of considerable value as an in- 

 secticide. In greenhouses, it may be used to destroy plant-lice by simply 

 spreading the waste two or three inches deep over the pipes under the benches. 

 or by burning about one-half pound of moist waste to each five hundred square 

 feet of glass. Worked into the soil about young apple trees in the orchard or 

 nursery, it is one of the best remedies for the root form of woolly-aphis. A 

 strong decoction, made by a prolonged steeping of a quantity of stems in enough 

 water to cover them and diluting the liquid to the color of strong tea, is often 

 used as a spray for plant-lice. A still better method is as follows : 



Hard soap (preferably whale-oil) 1 pound 



Water 8 to 10 gallons 



Strong tobacco decoction 1 gallon 



Dissolve the soap in boiling water, add the tobacco decoction and dilute 

 to eight or ten gallons. 



HOR. 16 



