The Control of the Codling Moth. 249 



was done, primarily, to malie the material sticlf, I am confident that I have 

 improved the color of the foliage of my apple trees and benefited the color of 

 my apples. As in the case of weeds, the indirect benefit may be known when 

 we are better acquainted with the results of our spraying. 



There is, however, a benefit that is almost universal that comes to the man 

 who suceessfully combats insect pests and fungus diseases. Many fruitgrowers 

 will not fight these pests at all, or very imperfectly, and the result is that the 

 man with clean fruit will realize more from his fruit than he could if there 

 were no pests. Some have gone so far as to say that if there were no pests with 

 which to contend in the raising of apples, the fruit would be so plentiful that 

 no money could be made at the business. I do not fully endorse that position, 

 but it is, without doubt, true that in that case our profits would be less. It 

 would be a very sordid view, indeed, for us to desire that others should have 

 misfortune that we may thereby get gain. I saw a statement in one of the big 

 dailies of the Pacific Coast not long since in which the hope was expressed that 

 Russia and Japan might go to war, as the people of the United States would 

 get better prices for their beef, pork and wheat. Perish the thouglit. Fiendish 

 must be that heart that could wish that "grim visaged war" should desolate 

 any land and bring its terrible sufferings to many of the innocent and helpless, 

 that we might pile up sordid pelf. But, however, we may deprecate them, wars 

 will come, and some me n will be benefited by the results. It is said that much 

 of the success of General Grant was due to the fact that he believed in the 

 Chinese proverb that "whatever is, is,' which, being interpreted, means that 

 we must take things as they are and plan accordingly. How many fruitgrowers 

 will not successfully combat the many pests that beset us? So, if we have clean 

 fruits we will get better prices, and in this way be benefited by what proves 

 their ruin. 



The lesson I would impart from the subject matter of this paper is this : 

 Some will be so discouraged that they will give up, others will produce much 

 unsalable fruit, but if we make an intelligent study of the matter, and fight 

 all pests with determination, we will, in most cases, make a success of fruit- 

 growing, and will be able to realize that there is a "beneficial side to the pest 

 questions." 



THE CONTROL OF THE CODLING MOTH. 



L'nited States Department of Agriculture. Farmers' Bulletin No. 171. By 

 C. B. Simpson, Division of Entomology. 



INTRODUCTION. 



Everyone is familiar with the injury caused by the codling moth (Carpocapsa 

 pomonella Lihu), but very few know the insect which causes theirregular cavity 

 in the apple and renders it unfit for use. 



If injurious insects were classified according to the monetary loss caused by 

 them, the codling moth would undoubtedly rank first among insects injurious to 

 fruits, as it causes more loss than all other fruit insects combined. It has been 

 estimated that from one-fourth to one-half of the apple crop of the United States 

 is either totally ruined or materially injured by it. In many large areas this 

 insect would cause a total loss if it were allowed to take its natural course. 

 By the use of the best measures of control the larger part of this loss could be 

 prevented, as many apple growers in badly infested regions are saving from 85 

 to 98 per cent of their fruit each year. 



