258 Appendix. 



lime. There .are several preparations of lead arsenite on th marljet which are 

 excellent, some being in a wet state and others in dry, powdered form. The wet 

 preparations are preferable, as the dried arsenite does not give such a filmy 

 sind adhering coat to the foliage. 



At all times the greatest care should be taken to prevent accident with 

 these compounds, which are of the most poisonous nature.* All packages, boxes, 

 or bottles containing these materials should be plainly labeled and kept in some 

 place that can be securely locked. The utensils in which the mixtures are 

 prepared should be thoroughly cleansed. 



When it is desired to use a fungicide with any of these solutions the arsen- 

 ites are added to the Bordeaux mixture in the same proportion as it would 

 be added to water. 



CCIST OF SPE.^YING MATERIAL. 



The cost of . le different arsenical compounds varies in different sections of 

 the country in accordance with the freight rates and the quantity purchased. 



The cost of fiOO gallons of the different spraying solutions just described is, 

 in the far West, as follows : 



J'arin green : 



Paris green, 4 pounds at 2.5 cents .$1 . 00 



T.irae, 8 pounds 04 



Total 104 



Hcheele'f! fnecn : 



Scheele's green, 4 pounds at 12l/> cents 50 



Lime, 8 pounds 04 



Total -54 



Lend arxenitr : 



White arsenic, IV, pounds at 10 cents 15_ 



I>ime, ;> pounds 01 5 



Additional lime, 12 pounds 06 



Total • 225 



Liinr arsenite irith snda : 



White arsenite. 1 1/, pounds at 10 cents 15 



Sal soda, <i pounds at 1 Vi cents 00 



Additional lime, 6 pounds 3 



Total -27 



Lead arsenate : 



Arsenate of soda, 2i/i pounds at 10 cents 25 



Acetate of lead. 6 pounds at 12 cents 72 



Total 1 9J_ 



Prepared lead arsenite, 36 pounds at 20 cents $7.20 



Any fruitgrower can estimate what these spraying solutions will cost 

 him by finding what these chemicals cost in his section. The cost of the pre- 

 pared lead arsenite is prohibitive for a commercial orchard, but in case of 

 u home orchard of but few trees it saves a large amount of labor and is much 

 used in such cases. 



♦Although no accidents have ever resulted from the use of arsenicals in spray- 

 ing, it is well enough to know what to do in a case of accidental poisoning. If 

 any evil effects are noted in case of persons who constantly handle these poisons, 

 a "phvsician should be consulted. If by any mistake or carelessness a small 

 ciuantity is swallowed, an antidote should be employed without delay. Ferric hy- 

 drate, which forms an insoluble compound with arsenic, is the best ; lime water 

 may be used, but is less effective. Some emetic, such as mustard in warm water, 

 should be taken immediately after the antidote. The Ferric hydrate should be 

 freshly prepared hv adding strong ammonia to the solution or tincture of ferric 

 ohlorid. Both chemicals are kept in all drug stores. In preparing the ferric hy- 

 Tlrate, continue to add ammonia until, after being well shaken, a faint odor of 

 nmmonia can be observed; an excess of this ingredient is decidedly Injurious. 

 Persons who use arsenical sprays are advised to keep a small bottle of each of the 

 chemicals used in making ferric hydrate on hand for use in case of emergency. 



