The Control of the Codling Moth. 259 



COST OF SPRAYING. 



The cost of spraying is practically nothing when compared with the henetits 

 derived. As in other lines of work, exact methods and cutting off every un- 

 necessary expense will reduce tlie cost considerably. The estimates given herein 

 are based on data obtained in the field when spraying operations were in prog- 

 ress. The spraying of 1,000 trees once is taken as a basis for calculations under 

 Western conditions. In localities where labor and material are cheaper the cost 

 will be considerably lower. 



Hand-power spraying outfits can be purchased and put in working order for 

 from $15 to .$75. The gasoline-power outfits can be purchased complete for 

 from $280 to if4()(). A liand-power sprayer, if used for arsenites alone and given 

 good care, ought to last five or six years with but few repairs, and the gasoline 

 sprayer can be made to last as long. By using the engine .for purposes other 

 than spraying it can be made to pay for itself. 



The principal cost of spraying is the labor, as the material is comparatively 

 a small item. The cost of spraying 1 ,000 eight-year-old trees in the West once 

 with arsenite of lime with soda, using two and one-half gallons per tree, is as 

 follows : 



Hand-power outfit : 



Man and team 4 days, at $3.50 $14 . 00 



Two men 4 days, at $1.50 each 12. 00 



Materials 1.12 



Total $27 . 1 



o 



<Tasoline-power outfit : 



Man and team. H/, days, at $.3.50 5. 25 



One man 1 1/, days, at $1.50 2 . 25 



Materials . ." 1.12 



Gasoline, 1 1/, gallons 55 



Total $9.17 



The above estimates are for labor in the far West and would be much 

 lees ■ in the East. It is considered that the team and labor are employed at 

 the current rates : but as teams and men are already employed on all farms, 

 this cost is far in excess of what it would actually cost the farmer. According 

 to the preceding estimates it would cost 2.7 cents per tree with hand power and 

 .9 cent per tree with gasoline. The additional cost of spraying to the fruit- 

 ^ower would be about 1 cent per tree with hand power and about i/^ cent per 

 tree with gasoline power. 



HOW TO APPLY THE SPRAY. 



The spray should be applied to the leaves and foliage so that a thin coating 

 will remain after the water has evaporated. To do this the spray should he 

 applied with great force so as to form a dense mist. At all times the solution in 

 the tank should be kept thoroughly agitated, especially if Paris green is used. 

 Probably the most rapid progi-ess in spraying can be made in the following way : 

 Drive the outfit between two rows and spray half of each tree in each row. 

 The routes followed in an orchard sliould be governed by the position of tlie 

 water supply. If the wind is blowing it is best to go parallel with it rather 

 than at right angles to it. and advantage may be taken of the wind by allowing 

 it to blow the mist into the trees. 



TIME OF APPLICATION OF SPRAY. 



The most important consideration in spraying is the time of the application. 

 The time of application for tlie codling moth sliould depend entirely upon the 

 stage of the insect, as the greatest efiiciency is obtained by spraying just when 

 the larvae are entering the fruit or immediately before. The sprayings may 

 be designated as "early" and "late." The early sprayings are directed against 

 the first generation of the codling moth. Two of these sprayings are advised, 

 •one a few days after the blossoms have fallen and before the caly.x closes, and 



