278 Appendix. 



I^ater in the spring infestations were found in nurseries at Dover, Epping. 

 and Seabroolv, and in trees from tliese nurseries in Rollinsford, Lee. and Durham. 

 The proprietors of these nurseries have sliown an evident desire to prevent 

 the spread of the pest, and have destroyed or treated tlie infested trees. At least 

 one of them is planning to fumigate all his trees, which will render them safe 

 for planting, safer in fact than ordinary trees which have been inspected but not 

 fumigated. 



Fumigation. — It is generally conceded that the fumigation with hydrocyanic 

 acid gas of nursery trees while in their dormant winter condition is one of the 

 most satisfactory methods of controlling the pest. :Many of the largest nurseries 

 now fumigate all their stock, and it is probable that the practice will become 

 more general as the years go by. For this purpose a special air-tight room is. 

 set apart or built in which the young trees are placed while the deadly gas kills 

 the insects. Anyone intending to treat nursery stock in this way will find full 

 directions in Johnson's book on Fumigation Methods, published by the Orange 

 Judd Company, New York. 



f^iilphuU' of Potash and Lime. — An easy winter wash to apply has been tested 

 and recommended by Prof. W. E. Britton of the Connecticut Experiment Station. 

 It consists of : 



Sulphide of potash '. 10 pounds 



Lime 10 pounds 



Water 20 gallons 



The sulphide of potash, commonly called liver of sulphur, is dissolved in 

 warm water, and the solution thus made is used to slake the lime, which should 

 he of good qualit.v. After thorough mixing, the rest of the twenty gallons of 

 water is added. This wash is more expensive than the lime, sulphur, and salt, 

 as the sulphide of potash costs 22 cents a pound, but it is so much easier to 

 make that for a small amount of spraying it may be preferable. I'se a good 

 quality of finishing lime. 



Lime. Siili)liiir, and Salt Wash. — The experience of orchardists throughout 

 the Eastern States indicates that the most effective remedy for the pernicious 

 scale is the lime, sulphur, and salt wash. This is applied to the dormant trees 

 in winter or early spring before the buds start, and is very efficient in destroy- 

 ing and checking the increase of theinsects. It is a troublesome remedy to appul.r 

 on a small scale, and is best attempted by commercial growers or by those who 

 make a business of spraying. Its preparation necessitates large iron kettels- 

 or else a steam boiling oufit. After studying the practical experience of many 

 Ohio orchardists. the Ohio Experiment Station recommends the following formula 

 and directions : 



Lump lime 25 pounds 



*Salt 25 pounds 



Sulphur 25 pounds 



Water 75 gallons 



"Place the full amount of lime in the kettle or vat. or whatever the re- 

 ceptacle may be, and start it to slake with hot water, using enough to prevent 

 the lime from lieing air slaked, but not enough to drown it. During the slaking^ 

 process add the sulphur, all lumps having been first pulverized, and the salt ; 

 stir both of them in thoroughly, and add water gradually to reduce the mix- 

 ture to a thin paste. If the mixture is not already boiling, bring it to this 

 point and allow it to boil for one hour. If the wash is prepared in an iron 

 kettle it will be necessary to add a bucket of water now and then to replace 

 that lost in the boiling process, and to stir the mixture frequently to prevent 

 burning and caking of materials upon the sides of the vessel. After one hour's, 

 boiling enough hot water should be added to make the required amount of mix- 

 ture, or if cold water is used the proper proportion should be added and the 



*It has been demonstrated by repeated experiments that the salt can be left 

 out of lime and sulphur formulas without lessening its efficiency. 



