282 Appendix. 



SPRAYING WITH LIME-SALT-SULPHUR SPRAY IN FALL- 



The (Jeneva. (X. Y. ) Station has been conducting some experiments along 

 this line, and has just published the results of the work in Bulletin No. 254. 



This bulletin refers to the fact that the early spraying with the sulphur mix- 

 tures were always made in spring, before growth started, but owing to the spread 

 (if the San Jose scale, and the great number of trees to be sprayed it had been 

 found that the process of spraying must either be simplified and shortened, or 

 longer time must be given to the work. Accordingly, the experiments were un- 

 dertaken to see if the fall spraying will be as effective as the spring spraying. 

 Before these experiments were undertaken, says the bulletin, it was uncertain 

 what effect the fall application of sulphur washes would have upon the trees or 

 ui)on the insects. 



We quote from the bulletin as follows, for the benefit of Fruit-Grower readers 

 who are troubled with San Jose scale, or who may be troubled : 



"In preliminary tests with the fall spraying with lime-salt-sulphur mixture, 

 by Mr. Parrott. who was then entomologist of the Ohio Station, it was found 

 that the fall treatment was as effective against the scale as the spring treatment, 

 and was not in.juri<ius to the few varieties of peaches and plums under observa- 

 tion. 



"The effect of such sprays on the trees, though, often varies with the weather 

 following the applications and with the condition of the trees themselves: and a 

 single test cannot be considered a certain index to the value of such treatments. 

 Accordingly it was determined to repeat the work on more species and varieties 

 of fruit trees, in different localities, and for several seasons : and at the same 

 time to test some modifications of the wash commonly used. 



"Three orchards were selected, two near Geneva and one near Queens, Long 

 Island. One of these was a very thrifty young orchard of peaches and plums, 

 which had received the best of attention in every respect and contained no scale. 

 The other orchard at Geneva, of apples, pears, crab apples, cherries and plums, 

 was older, w;is well infested with scale and had received no treatment for disease 

 or insects, but had been well cared for otherwise. The third orchard, at Queens, 

 contained only apples and peaches, and showed plainly the effect of scale injury. 

 The sprayed trees in the three orchards numbered sixty-six large apple trees, 

 thirty-three pear trees, two hundred and fifty-seven plum trees, thirty-nine cherry 

 trees, six crab apple trees and two hundred and fifty-two peach trees. 



"The orchard on Long Island was treated during the second week in Novem- 

 ber, those at Geneva about ten days later. At both places the applications were 

 made on cold days, followed by considerable rain and snow within two weeks. 

 Five washes were used, made as follows : 



BOILED I.IME-ST'LPHXE-SALT \V.\SII. 



(Formula I.) 



Ume L") pounds 



Sulphur ] •') pounds 



Salt L") pounds 



Water 50 gallons 



"This was prepared in the usual method by first slaking the lime to a thin 

 whitewash and then adding sulphur and the salt. These ingredients were dis- 

 tributed thoroughly in the whitewash and the mixture boiled from one to two 

 hours. 



SELF-BOILED LI ME-SrLI'H IK-SALT WASH. 



(Formula II.) 



Lime 40 pounds 



Sulphur 2<) pounds 



Salt 15 pounds 



Water 60 gallons 



