330 Appendix. 



but not so with walnuts, the grafting of which is ever attended with doubtful 

 success. 



Of other nuts the almond and chestnut have received some attention, the 

 former producing nuts of the first grade, but it is doubtful if it will come into 

 extensive culture in the moist coast regions, it being better suited to the higher 

 and dryer sections of Southern aud Eastern Oregon. 



The chestnut finds a most congenial home and I have found that all varieties 

 thrive and bear well. The American Sweet produces nuts of good quality, but 

 it is not prolific, while the Spanish variety is a heavy and regular producer but 

 is of an inferior quality, unpalatable in the raw state, but for cooking and roast- 

 ing purposes meets with some demand, and bearing trees yield no little revenue 

 for their owners, but the demand for any great production would be the question 

 for large growers to investigate. They make the handsome tree for avenue plant- 

 ing and in this way afford some profit as well as beauty to the home place. 



But in the filbert we have another outlook which promises exceedingly 

 well, for they find a most congenial home throughout the slopes of the Pacific 

 Northwest, and our cool, moist atmospheres seems essential to perfect pollination, 

 for the filbert does not fertilize itself in the dryer altitudes. 



Again we are indebted to Mr. Biddle for the experiment work that ought to 

 develop filbert growing to a prominent place in our horticultural affairs. Mr. 

 Biddle has grown to perfection the Barcelona, Du Chilly, lied and White Avelenes. 

 and the size and quality of these nuts produced on his place are unexcelled any- 

 where. The tree must be grown as a standard and though this seems contrary 

 to its natural shape, it is the only way to grow them for commercial purposes. 

 The tree is a strong and rapid grower, begins to bear at an early age, has no 

 serious insect pests and is very long lived. 



Mr. Biddle has a few trees of Barcelona which bore 2.5 pounds of nuts each 

 the past season and as these trees are only nine years old and are only given 

 the same space that are given to prune trees, the yield from an acre of them 

 would be no small consideration. 



The Bai'celona nut is a fine large, brown, plump nut, carrying a very meaty 

 kernel of splendid flavor, and is probably the best nut for commercial purposes. 



The Du Chilly is a longer and perhaps larger nut. likewise being of good 

 quality and has a much thinner shell than the Barcelona. 



The Avelenes are also first-class and the only objection that can be found 

 with them is that their soft shells makes them an easy prey to the blue-jay. 

 These trees cannot be successfully propagated from seed, and the grower must 

 depend upon layers or grafting them, the former being far preferable. 



This is an industry which miglit be said to be just discovered, for the de- 

 mand for filberts is world-wide and the filbert ought to thrive wherever the 

 native hazel abounds. 



WALNUT GROWING IN FRANCE. 



By A. G. Fkekm.\n, of California, in Pacific Fruit World. 



Greenoble (France). — The Iser River, in the valley of which practically 

 all the table walnuts of this district are produced, rises in the Alps, and the 

 walnut valley is in the foot-hills of these mountains. This valley is the natural 

 home of the walnut tree, as there are thousands of trees over 150 years old, 

 and many, they claim, are considerably over the two-century mark. These old 

 and large trees are scattered everywhere, and I did not see a single tree with dead 

 branches — instead, they all looked healthy and flourishing, something remarkable 



