Plant Physiology, Theoretic and Applied. 335 



quires time and care to prepare young stocl<: to successfully bear the first croi). 

 The stock must be healthy, vigorous and of reasonable size before you allow 

 a crop to develop. Proper care must also be given to the removing of the 

 lateral shoots ; do not remove these too near the base of the stems. When 

 taking the first cut, cut the stems which are longest and strongest. They should 

 be cut so that three or four eyes with full developed leaves are left, each being 

 able to develop a good flower stem. Air must be allowed to circulate among 

 the foliage and malformed flowers must be cut off with the same care as good 

 ones. For roses, it is good to use an emulsion of kerosene. 



Carnations. — This is, with some, the ideal flower. There is a disease peculiar 

 to this beautiful plant, known as stigmonose. The destructive character of 

 this that its development is in translucent spots which vary in size, some 

 being .just visible, others an inch or more in diameter. The plant, when at- 

 tacked, becomes a yellow sickly color and the lower leaves die. The plant does 

 not often die outright, yet seldom recovers altogether. There are two types of 

 the disease, one is represented by circular spots made by aphis punctures, while 

 the others elongated spots made by trips. The clear or yellowish spots were sug- 

 gestive of slow-growing bacteria. This latter to develop well requires a great 

 deal of moisture, therefore a good recommendation is to keep the foliage as 

 dry as possible, yet it has happened that in moister air and with frequent 

 syringing the plants advanced and showed less of the disease. A ring spot 

 caused by fungus has also been the means of serious injury. The central part 

 of the spot is covered by a gray mould-like growth and a narrow border of 

 light brown dead tissue. This disease attacks the flowers also. It causes damage 

 in warm weather when plants are being moved. To avoid the terrific results 

 of these diseases it is well to give them abundance of air, not too much water ; 

 diseased and dead leaves and buds should be removed. Care must be taken In the 

 operation of topping the cuttings. The time to do this is as soon as you see 

 the joints lengthening out. Do not stop them too high ; they should have at 

 least four good eyes, well above the earth, to break from. It is generally thought 

 best not to top a plant when planting or repotting, but to do it a few days before 

 or after, when the roots are in good working condition. 



In conclusion, will say we should be grateful and thankful to our government 

 for the advantages given us, and putting this department in the school whereby 

 students are enabled to become better acquainted with the art of cultivation of 

 plants. 



Something of Plant Physiology, Theoretic and Applied. 



By Prof. L. Henderson, University of Idaho. Read at Northwest Fruit Grow- 

 ers" Meeting, Portland, January, 1904. 



When one is about to sow seed, pot a plant, or plant a tree, he has or 

 should have fixed in his mind the purpose of such planting. He may either 

 plant an exotic in some foreign and abnormal soil. Or a native in some normal 

 position and under normal conditions. The first is to excite admiration, the 

 second to bring about those beautiful effects that are the result of landscape- 

 gardening properly applied. In either case the form and life of the plant and 

 of his labors. The most important are that he may increase the productivity 

 and better the quality of the fruits of such plants, and fix them for future 

 times. By such means he turns the hard root of the wild beet or turnip into 



