Report of State Board of Horticulture. 53 



mistake tliat some of them make ; most of them I find do not 

 use enough lime, and those that use a sufficient amount of 

 lime have generally the best results. 



I have found some young orchards which were planted this 

 last fall and spring that it would have paid better if they had 

 not been planted at all ; there was a great scarcity of fruit 

 trees this last season, and the result has been that they have 

 planted almost anything in the way of trees. I have found 

 trees that were not much larger in diameter than a pipe stem 

 and not over from ten to twelve inches high, and these trees 

 ought not to have been planted because they will never amount 

 to anything. I would not advise any one to plant trees that 

 are less than five feet in height and at least one year old and 

 they should all be of a uniform height. 



There is another matter that I have learned by observation 

 in the last few years and that is that there is more harm done 

 through the use of the knife and saw than any otlier thing, 

 and especially is this true in the young orchards in my dis- 

 trict. I have found some trees that are as much as seven or 

 eight years old that never had an apple on, and I know some 

 young orchards that were last year from four to five years old 

 that had as much as five to eight boxes of apples each. 



Any one wlio is intending to plant a young orchard ought 

 not to trim the trees. After the second year from the plant- 

 ing the tree ought to be shaped during the first and second 

 year, and ought not to be molested, except to have the water 

 sprouts taken out, and that should be done through the sum- 

 mer time with a pocketknife. 



These suggestions have reference only to apple and pear 

 trees. Cherry, peach, plum, and prune trees require alto- 

 gether a different treatment in this respect, as there is no 

 danger of trimming a peach or prune tree too much, and most 

 people do not trim them enough. 



EMILE SCHANNO, 

 Commissioner Fourth District. 



SEMIANNUAL REPORT, OCTOBER, 1902. 



The Dalles, Oregon, October — , 1902. 



To the Honorable State Board of Horticulture — 



Gentlemen : I have the honor to herewith submit to you 

 ray first biennial report as commissioner of the fourth district 

 for the State Board of Horticulture. This district covers a 



