86 Report of State Board of Horticulture. 



in stored grain, seeds, and the manufactured product of the 

 mill, and even the mill itself. Here again the arsenics and 

 irritants can not be used and we must resort to various fumes 

 and gases. 



FUNGI. 



Prof. Charles 0. Townsend says : ' 



WHAT IS A FUNGUS? 



A fungus (plural fungi) is a low form of plant. It has 

 neither green stem nor leaves and therefore depends for its 

 food upon other plants or upon animals. Sometimes fungi 

 live upon dead plants or animals or upon their products, and 

 sometimes they live upon other living plants or upon living 

 animals. They are very numerous and differ greatly among 

 themselves in form, structure, and habits of life. All fungi 

 sooner or later produce small round or oval bodies, called 

 spores. These spores under favorable conditions produce new 

 fungi. They are not destroyed by ordinary weather condi- 

 tions and often live over the winter in the fields and orchards. 

 Sometimes they remain alive for several years in the soil and 

 other suitable places, and begin their growth when the con- 

 ditions are favorable. Many fungi are very small and can be 

 seen only when greatly magnified. 



WHAT IS THE HOST-PLANT? 



The host-plant is the plant upon which, or in which, the 

 fungus lives and from which it draws its food supplies. 



WHAT IS A FUNGICIDE? 



A fungicide is any substance which may be used to destroy 

 fungi or their spores, or which will prevent fungi from estab- 

 lishing themselves upon the host-plants. Fungicides may be 

 either solids, liquids, or gases. The most common form of 

 fungicide is liquid ; the kind of fungicide used, however, 

 must depend upon the nature of the fungus, the nature of the 

 host-plant, and the part of the host-plant attacked by the 

 fungus. 



