122 Report of State Board of Horticulture. 



because of fogs or the fact that this district is within ten miles of the 

 coast. * * * It will not be kept down by fogs and ten-miles-from-the- 

 coast belts, alone. Active and intelligent work is necessary to check the 

 ravages of this great apple pest, the most serious foe of Pajaro valley's 

 greatest crop." 



The mere fact that the codling moth is a serious pest in England, on 

 the continent of Europe from Mediterranian regions to the northern limits 

 of apple growing in Siberia, in southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, 

 Tasmania, China and most of the fruit growing regions of the United 

 States and Canada, would indicate that the slight variation in climatic 

 conditions which occurs between localities in this state in which the 

 codling moth is a serious pest and those other localities only a few miles 

 distant in which it is yet scarce or absent is not enough to account for 

 its absence or scarcity. 



XOT MORE DESTRUCTIVE HERE THAN ELSEWHERE. 



While I cannot, therefore, concur in the optomistic belief that any of 

 the sections of the state devoted to apple growing are to remain perma- 

 nently free from codling moth injury, neither can I agree with the pes- 

 simistic statement sometimes heard that such injury is much more serious 

 here than elsewhere. Even approximately accurate estimates of the losses 

 caused by any insect are difficult to make. In 1897, Mr. H. B. Miller, ex- 

 president of the State Board of Horticulture, stated that a very moderate 

 estimate of the loss in that year from scale, moth and scab was one hun- 

 dred and fifty thousand dollars. An editorial in the Oregon Agriculturist 

 and Rural Northwest, December 15, 1898, states that "The codling moth 

 is about as interesting an insect to the freight managers of Oregon rail- 

 ways as to the fruitgrowers themselves. If it had not been for the 

 ravages of that insect it is probable that the shipments of apples from 

 the state this season would have been increased by at least a thousand car- 

 loads." 



Simpson* states that fifty per cent of the apple crop of Idaho was de- 

 stroyed by the codling moth in 1900, the Injury ranging from five per cent 

 in some well cared for orchards to one hundred per cent in small orchards 

 and isolated trees. 



I have myself repeatedly observed individual trees, both in Oregon and 

 Washington, on which it was practically impossible to find a wormless ap- 

 ple although the trees were loaded with fruit. I have not noticed, how- 

 ever, that the average annual loss is relatively greater here than in Michi- 

 gan. I believe it is not. 



Eighty years ago Kollar wrote that in Germany more than half, par- 

 ticularly of the choice fruit, was eaten into by the apple worm, and Stain- 

 ton, a celebrated English entomologist, stated * that in 1868, in the vicinity 

 of London it was scarcely possible to find a single fruit uninfested by the 

 codling moth although there was an abundant apple crop. Recent reports 



* Bui. 30, New Series. Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr. 



* See Am. Ent. Vol. I, 1869. 



