Appendix. 127 



trees at dark depositing their eggs upon the fruit, and more rarely upon 

 the foliage, and may occasionally observe them during the daytime resting 

 quietly upon the leaves or bark. I have also rarely found them resting 

 upon the ground. 



It is usually stated that the moths appear in spring about the time the 

 apple trees are in bloom. Slingerland* sums up his own observations as 

 well as those previously published by other observers with the statement 

 that "what little definite evidence there is upon this point indicates that 

 the majority of the moths do not emerge until several days after the petals 

 have fallen." 



At Corvallis there seems to be no relation, whatever, between the time 

 at which the apple trees are in bloom and the dates on which the moths 

 emerge. In 1896, apple trees were in full bloom April 20 and most of the 

 petals had fallen by May 1. Only a few moths were reared that season, 

 but some of these emerged as late as the middle of June. In 1898, the 

 trees were beginning to blossom April 10 and the blossoms had mostly 

 fallen by April 28. In a storeroom moths began to appear as early as 

 April 10 and on June 16 two perfectly fresh specimens were captured in 

 the orchard. In 1899, moths began to appear in breeding cages April 10 and 

 continued to emerge to July 1. April 21, the earliest apple trees were just 

 coming into blossom and the petals were not all off before May 10. 

 Although the apple trees were in blossom nearly two weeks later in 1899 

 than in 1898, the moths began to appear at practically the same time 

 . (April 10-11) and continued to emerge for nearly or quite two months after 

 the blossoms had fallen. 



A still more remarkable variation from the usual habits of the insect 

 as recorded from other localities, exists in the times at which the moths 

 deposit their eggs. The idea held until recently was that the eggs are 

 laid in the calyx or blossom end of the fruit soon after the blossoms fall. 

 This idea was first shown to be erroneous by the observations of Koebele 

 in ISSS.* In September he found only about one pear in twenty without 

 eggs or young larvae of the codling moth. "As many as eleven eggs were 

 found upon a single pear. One was found on the stem, six on the pear 

 surrounding the stem, two on the upper half and the other two near the 

 calyx."' Since then the fact that the eggs are not laid in the calyx but 

 upon the exposed surface of the fruit, has been verified by Washburn, 

 Slingerland, Card, and others, and Card has also called attention to the 

 fact that they are sometimes deposited upon the leaves. 



In New \ork, Slingerland found eggs upon the fruit the last week in 

 May (1896-97), a week or more after the blossoms had fallen. Gillette 

 states that in Iowa in 1889 no larvae had hatched until nearly a month 

 after the blossoms were off. Allowing for an existence of a week or ten 

 days for the egg stage would bring the date of oviposition from two to 

 three weeks after the petals fell. In 1887, Card observed that while the 



* Bui. 142, Cornell Univ. Expt. Sta. 



* Bui. 22, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr. (1890). 



