130 Report oj State Board of Horticulture. 



THE EGG. 



The eggs of the codling moth are minute scale-like objects about one- 

 twentieth of an inch in diameter. They may be likened to a very small 

 trout scale glued to the surface of the leaf or fruit. Being so small and 

 at the same time transparent, or with only a slight yellowish tinge, they 

 can be detected only with difficulty by those unfamiliar with their appear- 

 ance. When once familiar with them, however, and every apple grower 

 should become familiar with them, one can readily find them in this 

 vicinity at any time from late in June until at least October 1, and prob- 

 ably later. So far as my observations go, they are found much more com- 

 monly upon the fruit than upon the leaves, although undoubtedly when 

 fruit is scarce they may be more abundant upon the leaves. The white 

 spot on the apple, c, in the illustration is to represent the size and position 

 of an egg. 



The duration of the egg stage probably depends somewhat upon tem- 

 perature. According to recorded observations, it may range from four to 

 ten days. A large number of eggs were deposited in one of my breeding 

 cages, September 5, 1898. September 10, the developing larvae could be 

 plainly seen through the shells and most of them emerged September 12, 

 seven days after the eggs were deposited. This corresponds with Slinger- 

 land's observations in New York and is undoubtedly, as he suggests, about 

 the average duration of this stage. Several of the larvae were seen to 

 emerge from the egg. In every instance they broke through the upper 

 shell and entered the fruit at some other point. Simpson, however, men- 

 tions instances in which the larvae had evidently eaten directly through 

 the lower surface of the shell into the fruit. If such a habit were general 

 our poison sprays would, of course, be valueless. 



THE LARVAE. 



When first hatched the young larvae are scarcely more than one-six- 

 teenth inch long, semi-transparent or whitish in color and marked with 

 little black spots each of which bears a minute hair. The head, and the 

 thoracic and anal shields are black. 



True to the instinct of self preservation, the young larvae attempt to get 

 uuder some protecting cover as soon as possible. Crawling here and there 

 over the surface of the fruit, they seek some secluded spot where they may 

 be hidden from their numerous enemies. This undoubtedly accounts for 

 the fact that a large proportion of them enter the fruit at the blossom end, 



THE CODLING MOTH. 



Fig. a. The moth with wings folded and with wings expanded. Enlarged iy, dia. 



Fig. c. The white spot on the apple is intended to represent the position and'size of 

 an egg. 



Figs. dd. The full grown larva resting on the surface of an apple. Dorsal and lateral 

 views. Both natural size. 



Fig. i. Shows point of entrance of larva at side of growing apple. Somewhat re- 

 duced. 



Fig. j. A cocoon on the under surface of a piece of apple bark. Cocoon has been torn 

 open to show inclosed pupa. Enlarged 1}4 dia. 



Fig. k. A clod of soil containing a pupa of the codling moth. Position of pupa indi- 

 cated by X. Reduced one half. 



