Appendix. 141 



(4) One tree received the second and the third applications, the first 

 and the fourth being omitted. This tree produced one hundred and fifty 

 apples, of which thirty-eight per cent were infested. 



(5) From seven trees only the first spraying was omitted. On these trees 

 less than five per cent of the two thousand four hundred and five apples 

 produced were wormy. 



(6) Sixty-nine trees received all four applications, and but slightly more 

 than three per cent of the sixteen thousand eight hundred and twenty 

 apples produced were wormy. 



(7) Perhaps the most striking fact brought out, and the one that prob- 

 ably explains the poor results from the early applications, is the extremely 

 small percentage of injury that had occurred up to July 20. On only one 

 tree did it amount to as much as four per cent. Even on the trees not 

 sprayed, the average loss up to that time, was less than two per cent. 



(8) The results of the one season's experiments indicate that the first 

 application was valueless, that the second and possibly the third were 

 nearly so, and that the fourth was the important one. That late applica- 

 tions are important have been verified by our later experience and by the 

 results obtained by fruit growers; but the inefficiency of the early applica- 

 tions should not be considered as proved, even for the Willamette valley 

 without further evidence, although the results obtained taken in connection 

 with the fact that the larvae do not begin to infest the fruit much before 

 July 1, at least indicate their lack of value for this locality. In dryer and 

 warmer parts of the state, where the fruit is attacked earlier, the first 

 applications are of undoubted value. 



The results of the season's work indicate very clearly the great value of 

 the fourth application. Nevertheless, the experiments were not entirely 

 satisfactorj% The college orchard, being an experimental one, contains a 

 large number of varieties of but two or three trees each. While this was 

 perhaps of value in showing the comparative effect of the sprays on the 

 different varieties, it made it impossible to obtain a sufficient number of 

 trees of the same variety on which to test the relative value of the differ- 

 ent applications under like conditions. It was also unfortunate that some 

 of the trees selected as checks failed to set fruit. Thus it is that the results 

 from making the first and second applications, only, were obtained on but 

 two trees, and those from the second and third applications, only, were 

 obtained on but one. The value of these early applications therefore can- 

 not be considered as satisfactorily proved or disproved. 



In the spring of 1899 an attempt Vv'as made to repeat the experiments 

 under more favorable conditions, by entering into an arrangement for 

 cooperative work in the orchard of Mr. Thos. Whitehorn. The orchard 

 is conveniently located and consists principally of but two varieties of 

 apples, the Newtown Pippin and the Ben Davis. The apple crop for this 

 season being an almost entire failure, similar arrangements were made for 

 the season of 1900 for cooperative work in Mr. Whitehorn's orchard and 

 in a small orchard of Baldwins controlled by Mr. B. F. Irvine. These 

 orchards were each sprayed four times, for codling moth, with Bordeaux 



