142 Report of State Board of Horticulture. 



mixture and Paris green. The first application was made May 7 to 14; 

 the second June 22 to 27; tlie third July 26 to 28; the fourth August 31 to 

 September 1. In addition, the Ben Davis trees which had been sprayed 

 June 23, were re-sprayed June 27, on account of a heavy shower having 

 fallen on June 24. 



In each of these orchards certain rows or trees were left untreated at 

 each spraying that we might again test the comparative value of the differ- 

 ent applications. Owing to an oversight, however, notes on the amount 

 of, injury were not taken until the fruit haa been gathered, when it was 

 found impossible to satisfactorily separate the various lots according to 

 the applications they had received. While it was, therefore, impossible to 

 compare the value of the different sprayings, the results are not without 

 value, since they give added proof of the value of spraying in general. 

 Although they obtained an additional spraying on June 27, the poorest 

 results were obtained with the Ben Davis of which approximately thirty 

 per cent were wormy. The Newtown Pippins, standing beside them in the 

 same orchard, were almost entirely free from codling moth injury — not 

 over two per cent being infested. In the Baldwin orchard the injury did 

 not exceed one or two per cent. In fact, Mr. Irvine reported that "in 

 several hundred bushels less than half a dozen apples affected with worm 

 were found. In a few trees, a few rods distant from the others, which 

 were not sprayed, the fruit was so wormy that it was unfit to use. None 

 of it was gathered." 



It should be remembered that the above work was experimental. Its 

 object was to test the value of late applications of arsenicals for the cod- 

 ling moth and incidentally to determine the least number of applications 

 that would give satisfactory results. Although we obtained good results 

 by spraying only four times, orchardists generally will undoubtedly get 

 better results by making five or six applications. The habits of the moth 

 vary with the year and with the locality to such an extent that it is im- 

 possible to give definite instructions as to when these applications should 

 be made. For the present or until further experiments shall have proved 

 its efficiency or inefficiency we shall continued to advise that the first 

 applications be made within a week after the petals fall and before the 

 calyx lobes close. Each grower must determine for himself when the 

 other application must be made. The idea should be to keep the fruit 

 thoroughly coated with poison from the time the very first eggs can be 

 detected on the apple in the spring until the middle of September. Every 

 worm that gets into the calyx or through the skin of the apple before the 

 poison is applied is beyond its reach and the chances are that it will pass 

 through its transformations and multiply fifty or a hundred fold in the 

 next generation. Every apple grower, then, should learn to r'ecognize the 

 eggs of the codling moth and should start his spray pump as soon as they 

 are detected. If he will not take the trouble to become acquainted with 

 them the pump should be started at the earliest possible moment after the 

 first indications of the presence of the worm in the fruit can be detected, 

 and thereafter the orchard should be sprayed every two or three weeks 

 during the season. In case a heavy shower follows any application the 



