Appendix. 145 



closed screens at the windows and doors of storerooms in which infested 

 fruit has been kept, means imprisonment for life to all moths that emerge 

 therein in spring. ■ Some good authorities also recommend that the old 

 "banding system" be used as a supplement to spraying. This consists in 

 folding a piece of thick, dark colored cloth to make bands four to six inches 

 wide and fastening these tightly about the trunk of each tree about two 

 feet above the ground. This simply furnishes the larvae convenient places 

 in which to pupate. After the first brood larvae begin to leave the fruit 

 these bands should be examined every six to eight days until about Sep- 

 tember 15, and all the insects killed. Further examination of the bands 

 can then be deferred until sometime after the fruit has all been gathered, 

 when they should again be gone over and all the hibernating larvae killed. 

 The expense of banding is hardly necessary if the spraying has been 

 carefully and intelligently done. 



SPRAYING. 



By Hon. E. L. Smith. 



The spray pump might well be adopted as the emblem of the fruit 

 grower, and on it inscribed that old legend, "By this sign we conquer." 



If there is any considerable fruit-growing section independent of its use, 

 it is unknown to me and thorough spraying has become one of the most 

 essential factors in successful orcharding. 



The subject being one of prime importance, and as many discouraging 

 results have been reported, it may be well to compare experiences and 

 inform ourselves as to those conditions that will insure success. 



My own experience has demonstrated that these conditions are substan- 

 tially as follows: 



First, the material must be unadulterated and of regulation strength. 

 Lime forms a part of many spraying compounds and its efficiency is greatly 

 lessened if it becomes air slaked before using. I have frequently been 

 asked as to the relative merits of Paris green and the arsenite of soda, 

 for codling moth. I believe they are equally effective if properly prepared 

 and applied. 



Second, the spraying must be begun at the proper time and continued at 

 regular intervals. For the apple moth, for the best results, spray fruit as 

 soon as petals have fallen, and then at regular intervals of two weeks to 

 middle of September. 



I am aware that so eminent an authority as Professor Slingerland holds 

 that subsequent sprayings after the first two are useless. His idea is that 

 the calyx of the apple being cup shaped will hold sufficient poison to kill 

 the young larvae, but that we cannot coat the sides of the apple with a 

 sufficient amount to be effective. 



1 cannot concur in this conclusion. The calyx of many varieties of 

 apples never closes and I believe it is well to renew the poison that may 

 have been dissipated at the eye of the apple. Again the moth lays many 



10 



