Appendix. 207 



ground should be rubbed off as they appear. In the fourth spring two 

 of the strongest canes are cut back to six or eight buds and tied in 

 opposite directions to the wires, two canes are cut baclc to two buds for 

 spurs, to grow bearing canes for the year after. All the rest is cut off 

 smoothly. It must be kept in mind that onl3' the young shoots from last 

 year's growth will bear. All shoots that grow from older parts are not 

 good. Soon the buds will sprout, and when long enough, the ends are 

 pinched off, leaving one leaf above the upper bunch. 



The upper shoot of the spurs and a few shoots of the lower part of 

 the long canes should not be touched, as they are wanted for bearing 

 canes next year. Soon the laterals or side shoots will appear. These 

 are pinched off again the same way as before, leaving one leaf. This 

 secures the growth of good foliage, which is necessary for nourishing 

 the fruit and plant. 



In the fifth spring, the vines should have grown large enough to bear 

 a full crop. Three or four canes are now pruned to six or eight buds, 

 and as many spurs of two buds are left. All the rest is cut away. The 

 canes are tied to the trellis in the shape of a fan. The summer pruning 

 is the same as the year before. The latterals perhaps will have to be 

 pinched off. After the first pinching, leave one leaf as before. The long 

 shoots for bearing canes may be shortened the end of July. 



BEST GRAPE vines FOR OREGON. 



Grape vines at times are inclined to overbear themselves. Every 

 sprout from bearing canes, as a rule, produces three bunches, but quite 

 often there come from one lead two and three sprouts. One only, the 

 strongest, is left; the others are taken off. On the stem below and 

 other parts many young shoots will appear. These must be rubbed ofE 

 as soon as they appear. In spring the vineyards should be plowed moder- 

 ately deep, and well cultivated in summer, and kept clean of weeds. It is 

 well for a beginner to visit the vineyard of a succesful grape grower. 



This will help him more than anything else. The way of pruning I 

 described here is called the renewing system. All the parts that have 

 borne fruit are cut away every year, and new bearing canes from below 

 take their place. There are other methods of pruning which have their 

 good points, but in the run of time it will be found that the renewing 

 system is the best. The pruning may be done any time during the 

 winter, but it should always be finished before March. The tying 

 should be finished before the buds sprout, otherwise they break off. 

 The best material for tying is the golden willow. Before I close I will 

 give a description of some of the most reliable kinds of grapes. The 

 Concord hardly needs description. It is known by most everybody. The 

 bunch is large and shouldered, the berries large, bluish-black, and of the 

 fine flavor which most all Americans like so well. It is always sure to 

 bear. The Worden is a black grape, like the Concord. Bunches large 

 and heavy; berries large and somewhat better in quality. It ripens about 

 ten days before the Concord, and is fully as productive. The Niagara 



