Appendix. ^ 221 



The following spring cut these two arms back to about three buds each. 

 At this time stretch the upper "wire to the trellis, about four feet from 

 the ground. Train the strongest growth straight up to the wire, and one 

 of the strongest growths of the side arms to the wii'e, allowing the other 

 two buds to grow. The following season leave the two side arms three or 

 four feet long, cut the two other limbs back to two buds, and cut the 

 upright growth about two inches above the wire. 



The renewal plan of pruning seems to give the best results. This con- 

 sists in cutting out the old wood each year and training the last year's 

 growth to the trellis. After the third year train side arms on the upper 

 wire as well as the lower. 



The foreign grapes need very different pruning. The first year the 

 vine is treated just the same as the American varieties. At the end of 

 the first season's growth plant a substantial stake and cut the Adne to 

 a height of eighteen inches and tie securely to the stake. The second 

 season allow only three buds to grow. The following fall cut the three 

 limbs back to two buds each. Ever after that cut back to one or two 

 buds, and when the vine gets too thick cut out some of the old wood. 

 After the vine is three or four years old it will have formed a substan- 

 tial stump that will stand alone and the stakes can be removed. 



In February, if the weather be good, after the pruning is done, spray 

 the vines thoroughly with a strong Bordeaux mixture. Repeat the spray- 

 ing with a weaker solution when the grapes are half grown. This is 

 sufficient for American varieties. The foreign sorts will need to have a 

 liberal application of flour of sulphur, about the first of August. This 

 can be sprinkled on the vines by hand, taking care to get the sulphur 

 all over and around the vine. The amateur grower will have to learn 

 by experience whether or not another application of sulphur is needed. 

 He will soon learn to know the first appearance of mildew on the vine 

 or grapes. Right then is the time to begin sulphuring. 



THE LOWER WILLAMETTE VALLEY— EAST.* 



When I first came to Portland, I was told, upon inquiry, that grapes 

 could not be grown here and that many unsuccessful efforts had been 

 made. Having brought plants of a few varieties with me from Illinois, 

 I planted them at Mount Tabor, together with other varieties that were 

 obtained here. Some of the varieties proved to be quite a success. With 

 the success of this small planting in view others became interested in 

 the gi'owing of good grapes, and as it had been demonstrated that only our 

 native American grapes could be grown successfully here, I sent East for 

 plants of over thirty varieties, only such as ripen before or with the 

 Concord. With these plants a small vineyard was started near Mil- 

 waukie, Clackamas county, in the spring of 1891. Of these varieties some 

 proved to be a decided success, while others were practically failures. 

 Some of these latter varieties ripen from the first to the middle of Sep- 



* J. F. Broetje. 



t Moore — American Pomological Society nomenclature. 



