all over the ground. On whatever side you insert the stick, the 

 vine will find it, lay hold upon it, and will not be long in finding 

 its way to the top." 



Distance apart at which to plant. — Mr. Cradwick says : — " The 

 first vine should be planted two and a half feet from the end of 

 the border, and a space of four or five feet should be left be- 

 tween every successive vine." 



Mr. A. F. Barron says : — "This depends to a great extent on 

 the style or mode of training to be adopted. For permanent vines 

 the distance of five feet is not at all too much, although fre- 

 quently they are planted much closer. If we here consider the 

 rods or stems as separate plants we must then allow space be- 

 tween the stems for the proper development or extension of the 

 side or bearing shoots, and as these extend from two to two feet 

 six inches on either side, it follows that a space of from four to 

 five feet is required." 



PRUNING AND TRAINING. 

 Mr. Cradwick writes :— 'The young vines planted out last year 

 should be pruned during the last week in February or first week 

 in March. This should be done by cutting the plants down to the 

 strongest eye which is generally the lowest and about three inches 

 from the surface of the ground as in figure I. 



