37 



the under side of the leaf is softly hairy, with the wings broad, 

 • Granulated as in the leaves, and bordered with fine hairs. The 

 flowers are in clusters of from three to nine, large, white, and fra- 

 grant. The fruit is either globose or pear-shaped, forming many 

 seedling varieties without distinct names. This is supposed to be 

 a native of the islands of the Pacific, whence it had been brought 

 to southern China, Japan, and India. It was introduced to the 

 West Indies, according to Macfayden, from China by Captain 

 Shaddock, whose name has since been given to it. The term 

 shaddock may be correctly applied to any of the larger members 

 of the giant citrus, and is equivalent to the French pompelmouse, 

 which is another form of the Dutch pomplemoes. The word po- 

 melow, so widely used in India and Ceylon, is supposed to be a 

 contraction of ' pomum melo,' the melon apple. The largest " pu- 

 melows' in India are said to reach ' 2 feet in circumference and 

 weigh 10 to 20 lb.' The best sort, according to Bonavia, is 'the 

 thin-skinned, red pumelow of the Bombay market.' This is of a 

 globose shape, juicy, and ' of the colour of raw beef internally.' 

 There are, however, numerous grades in size, some being almost 

 as small as oranges. In India the varieties do not appear to have 

 recognised names. Elsewhere the smaller fruits have been vari- 

 ously called Paradise apples. Forbidden fruit, and Grape fruit. 



As regards the proper classification of the West Indian varieties, 

 I cannot do better than record that put forth by Dr. James Mac- 

 fayden, the learned author of the Flora of Jamaica, which, however, 

 he never lived to carry into more than one volume and part of 

 another. Referring to the large-fruited sorts, he states : ' There 

 are two varieties of shaddock. In the variety a. maliformis, the 

 the fruit is globose, with the pulp of a pale-pink colour, approach- 

 ing to a very light yellow. In the variety b. pyriforniis the fruit is 

 more or less pear-shaped, and the pulp is of crimson colour, more 

 or less intense. The second of these varieties is the more esteemed, 

 being sweet and juicy and having only in a slight and palatable 

 degree the acridity which abounds in the first. . I may remark that 

 I have always found the pear-shaped variety good, whereas it is 

 seldom the case with the round-shaped fruit. There cannot be a 

 doubt but that, if budding, as is done in China, were more gene- 

 rally practised, instead of trusting to propagation by seed, the fruit 

 would be much improved.' 



The smaller pumelows or shaddocks are ranged by Macfayden 

 under a distinct species, which he calls Citrus paradisi. The tree 

 is described as 30 feet high, of handsome appearance, with sub- 

 erect branches and sharp at the apex. The leaves are oval, 

 rounded, and smooth on both sides. The flowers have linear 

 petals and the stamens are twenty-five in number. The differences 

 between this and C. dcciifiiaua appear to consist in the more erect 

 habit of the plant, in the rounded (not emarginate) leaves, and in 

 the linear-rounded (not oblong-obtuse) petals. With regard to the 

 fruit he remarks : 'There are also two varieties of this species : 

 var. a. pyrifonnis, Barbados Grape fruit ; var. h. maliformis, For- 



