42 



shaddocks. Macfayden, sixty years ago, stated that he always 

 found the pear-shaped shaddocks better than the spherical sorts. 

 His experience is not invariably endorsed at the present time. 

 Some of the spherical fruits are of a very delicate flavour, and, as 

 already mentioned, the best of the Indian sorts are not only spheri- 

 cal, but have also a pink flesh. 



So far, I have described the fruits of the typical Citrus dcciimaua 

 only. When we come to the smaller fruits, we find that both in 

 the tree yielding them, as well as in the fruits themselves, there 

 are certain distinguishing features which show they are rightly 

 separated by Macfadyen, although we cannot go so far as he has 

 done in assigning the plant producing them specific rank. Mac- 

 fadyen grouped the smaller fruits under Citrus paradisi, thus ex- 

 pressing his appreciation of them by designating them the fruits 

 of Paradise. He distinguished two varieties, to which he gave 

 the names of forbidden fruits and the Barbados grape fruit. He 

 described the tree as of handsome appearance, about 30ft. in height, 

 with branches sub-erect and sharp at the apex. It will be noticed 

 that in the shaddock the tree was 20 feet high, with a flat crown 

 and spreading branches. The leaves are oval, rounded, and 

 smooth on both sides. The flowers have linear instead of oblong 

 petals, and the stamens are twenty-five to twenty-six in number 

 instead of thirty to thirty-five. The fruits, as in the shaddocks, are 

 either spherical or pear shaped. To the pear shaped fruits 

 were assigned the name of grape fruit, because they usually 

 grow in clusters ; while the spherical fruits were called for- 

 bidden fruit from a fancied connexion with the Garden of Eden. 

 This classification was made by Macfadyen nearly sixty years ago 

 therefore long before these fruits were so widely distributed, as 

 now, in various parts of tropical America. The forbidden fruit 

 was known to Tussac in 1824, who called it 'Fruit Defendu, or 

 smaller shaddock.' Later he refers to the same fruit in the fol- 

 lowing words : ' C'est une assiette de desert tres distinguee et fort 

 saine.' With the exception of the shape, forbidden fruits and 

 grape fruits are very much alike, but they are both superior to any 

 shaddock or pumelow — the fruits of Citrus dccuiiiana — ^ while the 

 smaller and more delicate fruits bear the distinctive name of para- 

 dise fruits. Of these the grape fruit is the one now so highly 

 esteemed in the United States. The Penny Cyclopcvdia had adopted 

 a similar classification even in 1837. It is stated :' When these 

 fruits arrive at their greatest size, they are called pompelloes or 

 pompelmousses ; when at the smallest, they form the forbidden 

 fruit of the English markets. Another small variety, with the 

 fruit growing in clusters, is what the West Indians call grape 

 fruit.' 



The grape fruit is not a shaddock nor a pumelow. It is quite 

 a distinct fruit, and possesses exceptional merits ; at its best, it 

 differs from the shaddock as much as a fine apple from a common 

 crab. 



