YampolskY: Sttidy of OU patm. \b1 



endosperm. The zone of crushed cells composed of primary membranes 

 grows wider witli the absorption of the endosperm. The epithehiim secrètes 

 a substance which digests the endosperm. Oil drops are very hkely sucked 

 up as such. 



LLOYD ("*) among many observations on the embryogeny of the date, 

 which we shall not conceni ourselves with hère, adds materially to the 

 picture of germination in the date. 



He fouiid masses of oil drops between the embryo and endosperm 

 during the embryonic period and germination. 



hi the latter stage he beheves it to be merely accidentai as a resuit of 

 the technique employed. He believes that the oil is made soluble and 

 not sucked up as Sachs believed. 



Although Sachs found no digestion of the primary walls of the cells 

 of the endosperm, LLOYD states that during embryogeny the primary cells 

 walls are digested by cytase which disappears soon after and does not 

 reappear during germination. 



Lloyd makes five zones of endosperm tissue instead of three as 

 Sachs did. 



a). Crushed cells from embryonic period. 



b). Ccmpressed cells of primary membranes — oil in minute droplets. 



c). Zone where the oil in the cells is in the form of large 

 single drops, protoplasm has disappeared and the reserve cellulose 

 is less in amount. 



cl). Zone in which protoplasm is disappearing and the reserve cel- 

 lulose begins to undergo changes. 



e). Unchaiiged endosperm. 



GREEN ('") had somewhat earlier than LLOYD maintained that in 

 Livistona Immilis a cytolytic ferment attacked the primary membrane and 

 dissolved it. 



Before considering the détails of the haustorium and endosperm of 

 Elaeis during germination, we must note a few more facts given by 

 other investigators, 



Reiss l^^) found reserve cellulose in the following palms Phytelephas 

 macrocarpa^ Chamaerops humilis, Lodoicea Seychellarum and Elaeis 



guineenis. 



KOHL('^) found protoplasmic communication between the cells of the 

 endosperm of Phytelephas macrocarpa and Coleococcus carolinensis. 



WiTTMACK (^^) observed in the haustorium of the coco-nut a spongey 

 tissue composed of stellate cells and also many air spaces. The cells of 

 the periphery were smaller and free from starch grains and the cytoplasm 

 denser. The inner cells contained many starch grains. The bundies in the 

 haustorium were peripherally arranged. 



Newcombe (2^) reported on the présence of a cytohydrolytic enzyme 

 in the date. The extract of the date seedling acted freely on starch. 



