BOTANICAL SUEVEY— SUGAE GEOVE EEGION 



299 



the opposite east bank there develops an association resembling closely 

 the upland forest, especially in the character of its undergrowth. Typi- 

 cal examples are to be found in a branch of Brushy Fork, located in the 

 southwest 1/4 of section 9, Berne Twp., and in the hollow below Cant- 

 well Cliffs, at the head of Buck Run. 



On the west bank of such ravines the ground is covered with a 

 deep layer of leaf mold in which there is a rich development of 

 spring flowers, such as Trillium grandiflorum and Gahorchis spectahilis, 

 unless, as in the Brushy Fork ravine (fig. 28), the ground is too lieavily 

 shaded. 



On the opposite slope, however (fig. 29), the undergrowth comes 

 to be made up largely of plants characteristic of the extreme upland 

 forest, such as: 



Kalmia latifolia Nieracium venosum 



Vacciniiim vacilans Viola hirsntula 



Gaultherin procumbens Polytricuni sp. 



Epigaea repens Cladonia sp. 



Gaylosaccin haccata Tuft-forming Hypnums 







*^*^.^. 



Fig. 29. Ka.-,! IJaiik of R.-ivinr Shown in Vig. 28. Note Absence of Leaves and Saplings. 



It is clear at a glance that the more commonly considered ecological 

 factors must be closely similar on the opposite sides of such ravines. 

 Since the axis is north and south the light received on the two sides 

 must be equivalent and there can be but slight ditference in the amount 

 of rainfall. The soil being residual derived from the weathering of the 



