THE EUGLENOIDINA OF OHIO 349 



proximity to streams or lakes — or chemically and mechanically 

 purified surface waters are pumped into open reservoirs large num- 

 bers of microscopic organisms may develop. If the storage reser- 

 voirs are covered and the light necessary to the growth of forms 

 having chlorophyl is shut out, the number of organisms is much 

 lessened. 



While the Euglenoidina, which are under consideration in 

 the present paper, form only one of several groups of organisms 

 that from time to time pollute water supplies, they are on man-" 

 occasions responsible for disagreeable conditions of the water. 

 The specific forms causing the trouble have been recognized with 

 difficulty, however, owing to the absence of satisfactory tables for 

 the separation of genera and species, and thus attempts at identifi- 

 cation have only been partially successful, even in the hands of 

 specialists. 



Various species of the Euglenoidina give off a recognizable 

 "violet" odor, as has been noted in the Annual Report of the State 

 Board of Health of Massachusetts for 1892. Butschli, 1884, 

 ascribed a "fishy" odor to Euglena sanguinea when the cells were 

 found to be disintegrated and suggested that the odor was not 

 due to putrefactive processes as had earlier been supposed, but 

 to the oil vacuoles formed during metabolism and contained in 

 the protoplasm of the individual. 



Zacharias in 1902 called attention to the pools of water 

 turned red by the immense numbers of Astasia haematodes 

 (Euglena haematodes (Ehrenb.) ). A similar condition has often 

 been observed in pools throughout Ohio and other states usually 

 during the months of July and August and results from an allied 

 form, Euglena sanguinea, Ehrenb. Euglena rubra. Hardy, pro- 

 duces the same result in Australia, while Euglena orientalis, 

 Kashyops, is another red form which has been described from the 

 Shalamar Gardens in Lahore, India. 



When such organisms as the Euglenoidina pollute water sup- 

 plies in considerable numbers, they may be eliminated by the cop- 

 per sulphate method. The quantity required for the specific 

 organisms varies from 0.4 pounds per a million gallons of water 

 for Uroglena to 41.5 pounds per a million gallons for Beggiota. 



