22 A PRIMER OF FORESTRY. 



sun following the sudden removal of their neighbors 

 would remain as standards over the young sprouts. 

 The white oak standards thus chosen would remain 

 uncut during two, three, four, or sometimes even live 

 successive crops of sprouts, and would form stout 

 trunks with little taper, clear of branches almost to the 

 full height reached b}^ the sprouts. 



This is the silvicultural s^^stem called Stored Coppice, 

 or sometimes Coppice under Standards. The success- 

 ful management of a forest under it depends largely upon 

 the choice of the standards. They should be seedlings, 

 for seedlings make the best trees, or the most vigorous 

 and healthy sprouts if seedlings can not be found, and 

 they should be distributed as regularly as possible over 

 the ground. The standards should be numerous enough 

 at lirst to allow for heavy loss from wind and shock 

 when the sprouts are cut away, but they should never 

 be allowed to suppress the lower story of growth. 



Stored Coppice is a very useful system where the 

 principal demand is for small material, like fuel, ties, 

 and fencing, but where some large timber also is 

 required. It was developed chiefly by the French, who 

 use it with admirable results. 



SEED OR HIGH FOREST. 



By far the most useful and important forests are, as 

 a rule, those which spring directly from seed, such as 

 the pine forests of the Southern States, and the great 

 hardwood forests of the Mississippi Valley. Such 

 forests are called Seed Forests. The Seed Forest sys- 

 tems are of manv kinds, some of which are peculiarly 

 adapted for the management of certain forests in the 



