74 



combination has been accomplished mainly by forcing fertility in the 

 rows of sterile spikelets of the two-rowed variety. Besides the 

 experiments with cereals, the Gartons have reached many interesting 

 results also with the grasses, beans, and clovers. 



The pedigrees of two of the Gartons' hybrid wheats are here given, 

 both in the form of an equation and genealogically for illustration of 

 their method, as follows: 



(1) Hybrid= ! [Tala vera X (Hunter's White X Essex Red)] X [Hunga- 

 rian Red X (Pedigree A¥hite X Black Spelt)] I X [(Pedigree White X Black 

 Spelt) X (Hunter's WHiite X Essex Red)]. (See fig. 2.) 



(2) Hybrid = [(Black Spelt X Hardcastle White) X (Mainstay X Hun- 

 garian White)] X ! [Pedigree Red X (Black Spelt X Hardcastle White)] X 

 (White ChiddamX Hungarian Red);. (See fig. 3.) 



For many years W^illiam Farrer has been l)usilv engaged in the 

 work of improving wheats for Australia, especially with respect to rust 



Fediqree JVJiite 



Hihnte.7'''s JVhite 



SunqartaTi. 



^Jijssexlled 

 Tctlcn^era 



ByhridS JSuhridS Miibrid'^ 



^Q Hvhrid 4 



Hiihridd 



Hvhrid 7 



Fig. •.;.— Diagram showing pedigree of one of the Gartons' hybrid wheats. 



resistance, and has not only practiced composite crossing, but has found 

 it necessary to use in many cases parent forms from difierent wdieat 

 groups, including comjiion wheats, club wheats, durums, and poulards. 

 His new^ varieties, although chiefly adapted to Australian conditions, 

 are many of them most excellent ones, which show their high breed- 

 ing to a marked degree, and represent an enormous amount of work. 

 Among the very man}" parent varieties used in his work are the fol- 

 lowing j.^xcellent sorts: Improved Fife, Gypsum. Tourmaline, Horn- 

 blende, Quartz, Early Japanese. Beloturka. ^ledeah. Sicilian Red 

 Square-head, D'Arblay's Hungarian, Ziumierman, Ward's Prolific, 

 Fultz, Ward's White, Blount's Fife, several early maturing Indian 

 varieties, and others that might be considered just as good as these. 

 The following pedigree of one of his hybrids will illustrate his methods: 



