(48) 



Numbers 1 188-12 14 represent the turpentine industry 

 of the southeastern United States. This turpentine is 

 obtained from several species of "long-leaved pines," the 

 principal one of which is Pinus palustris Mill. During the 

 winter, cavities are cut into the side of the trunk, known 

 as turpentine boxes. In the spring, the bark and outer 

 wood of the trunk just above the box is hacked in such a 

 way that the exuding turpentine will flow down into the 

 box, whence it is removed for use. From this turpentine, 

 when of good quality, an amount of oil equal to about 30 

 percent of its weight, known as oil of turpentine, can be 

 obtained. 



1 188. Picture of a forest of long-leaved, or turpentine, pines after removal of the 

 useless trees. 



1 189. Picture of a turpentine forest that has been scorched by fire. 



1 190. Picture of a tree of Pinus palustris Mill. 



1 191. Picture of a leafy branch of same, and of leaf details. 



1 192. Picture of sterile and fertile flowers and young cones of same. 



1 193. Picture of mature cone and seeds of same. 



1 194. Picture of seedlings and young plants of same. 



1 195. Map of the district in which P. palustris grows. 

 1195.1. Leafy branch of tree. 



1 196. Cones of same. 



1 197. Virgin dip turpentine. — The product of the first tapping of a tree. 



1 198. Second-year dip turpentine. 



1 199. Scrape turpentine. — The turpentine scraped off from the tree where it has 



adhered. It is of inferior quality. 



1200. Oil of t rpentine. — The essential oil distilled from the turpentine. 

 1201-1210. Common rosin, or frankincense. The resin remaining after the oil is 



distilled. 



1201. Rosin, good No. I. 



1202. " good No. 2. 



1203. " No. 1. 



1204. " No. 2. 



1205. " low pale. 



1206. " pale. 



1207. " extra pale. 



1208. " good strained. 



1209. " strained. 



1 210. Ordinary commercial rosin. 



121 1. Pinolin. — The first run of empyreumatic volatile oil, or rosin oil, obtained 

 by the destructive distillation of rosin. 



1212. Pine tar. — The empyreumatic oleo-resin obtained by the destructive dis- 

 tillation of the wood of the turpentine pine. For this purpose, the dead 



