(94) 



alkaloid, but is bitter and aromatic and is used for smoking by the North 

 American Indians, usually mixed with tobacco or Lobelia. 



2134. Smoking opium. — This is opium (See No. 2572) specially prepared for use 



in smoking, chiefly by the Chinese. For this purpose the crude opium is 

 broken up into small pieces and boiled in water, the impurities and inferior 

 portions being skimmed off the top. It is then evaporated to the consist- 

 ency of thick molasses, in'which form it is sold for use. A little pellet of 

 this is gathered on the end of a tiny spoon, and is partially dried in the 

 flame of a lamp. It ij thus prepared for introduction into the pipe. 



Masticatories 

 Masticatories are substances chewed by human beings 

 otherwise than as foods. No very perfect explanation has 

 ever been offered for the very general desire among human 

 beings of all races to employ these substances. In some 

 cases this is done in order to obtain the effects upon the 

 nervous system of certain powerful constituents which are 

 contained in the masticatories. This is true in the case of 

 tobacco, containing nicotine, coca leaves containing co- 

 caine, betel nuts containing arecoline, and cola nuts con- 

 taining caffeine. In other cases, as in ordinary chewing- 

 gum, the masticatories contain no such active principle. 

 Sometimes they possess pleasing flavors which may to a 

 certain extent explain their use. In other cases there 

 appears to be no pronounced flavor and it must be assumed 

 that the only possible nervous effect is a reflex one resulting 

 from the mechanical movements made in chewing. 



2135-2138 represent chewing tobaccos. As a rule, such tobacco, especially that in 

 plug form, contains various flavoring matters which have been added to 

 increase its palatability. 



2135. Ordinary loose chewing tobacco. — This consists of the leaves of ordinary 



tobacco, cut up into fine shreds suitable for chewing. 



2136. Ordinary plug chewing tobacco. — Almost all plug tobaccos are mixed with 



flavoring substances, such as licorice or molasses. 



2137. Navy plug chewing tobacco. A form of plug tobacco which is very popular 



among sailors. 



2138. Vanilla leaves. (See No. 1604). — These leaves contain the odorous principle 



cumarin, having a strong and agreeable odor similar to that of Vanilla, 

 whence it derives its name. It has a number of important uses in perfuming 

 and flavoring, and is used very largely as an addition to tobacco, both for 

 smoking and chewing. 



2139. Bolivian Coca leaves. — The leaves of Erythroxylon Coca Lam. (Erythroxy- 



