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soil. Not only is that the rase with the ordinary manure made in 

 the village, l>ut the peasant proprietor has also taken to the use of 

 liquid manure. At the Government Stock Farm where the stalls are 

 concreted, the liquid manure which collects in little wells is daily 

 removed by peasant proprietors. This practice is also carried out in 

 St. Joseph and has resulted in an improved sanitary condition. What 

 Dr. Nicholls has said in reference to weeds and shrubs is perfectly true. 

 In some cases, such as rice cultivation, the only manure which goes 

 into the soil is the grass and weeds which grow for six months during 

 the dry season. The practice is also valuable in connexion with cocoa 

 estates. 



The lion. Win, Fawcett (Jamaica) : I have listened with a great 

 deal of interest to the discussion that has taken place on the cultiva- 

 tion of cocoa. The cocoa industry in Jamaica is of considerable 

 importance, although rather overshadowed by the banana industry. 

 There we do not look upon it as yon do in Trinidad and Grenada, as 

 one of your great industries : it is rather a subsidiary industry in 

 Jamaica : but I hope it will become in time one of our great industries. 

 The reason why it has not advanced quicker is that the banana has 

 been so very important. But now the planters, seeing the bad effects 

 of hurricanes, are gradually beginning to plant their banana estates 

 witll cocoa, and some have turned their banana estates altogether into 

 cocoa estates. So we wish to get hints as to the cultivation, pruning, 

 curing and especially shade. We owe a great deal to Mr. Hart for 

 having written such an excellent handbook on cocoa : we in Jamaica 

 consider it a very practical and important book. With to reference 

 Criollo cocoa and Forastero cocoa, we have been much exercised in 

 Jamaica for some time as to which is better to plant. Some planters do 

 not think Criollo a robust plant, asserting that it is subject to disease and 

 pests at all times. I should like to get some information from planters 

 in Trinidad on that point. In Venezuela, where they have large 

 estates of Criollo, some trees have died out, and attempts have been 

 made to supply their places with Criollo, but without success, 

 althoiigh Forastero will grow. The estates are therefore deteriorating. 

 I should like to know whether this has been found to be the case also 

 in Trinidad. Do you find yon can plant Criollo and keep it up. or 

 hav e you gradually to revert to Forastero ? We have in Jamaica a 

 considerable tract of land in the western part where the remains of 

 cocoa are still found growing, and almost without exception the 

 variety is Criollo. Some of these trees are said to be 100 years old 

 and yet they are bearing heavily and doing well. But the question 

 is whether the seeds from these trees can be utilised for establishing 

 new estates of pure Criollo. With reference to the question of Criollo 

 growing well and being supplied where it is already established, I 

 wander whether a system of budding on strong stocks would not apply. 

 For instance, on estates in Venezuela, where they found they could 

 not successfully establish Criollo in vacant places and have had to 

 plant Forastero instead, would it not be possible to bud on the Foras- 

 tero from their Criollo tress '? We have been experimenting witli 

 budding and found we can do it with success. Again, in our cocoa 

 estates we find many of the trees do not bear anything like as well as 

 other trees, and we want to know whether we cannot improve them 

 Will it not be advisable to cut down those trees and bud on the shoot 



