The Bulletin 59 



day is unnecessary. Regularity, however, should be rigidly observed. Feed- 

 ing at four o'clock one day and seven the next tends to keep the cow unset- 

 tled and nervous. And the order of feeding grain and roughage should be 

 constant too. 



Owing to the fact that 87 per cent of milk is water, the cows should have 

 free access to plenty of clean water. Salt should be supplied daily in the 

 feed or else kept constantly in the feed lot in the form of rock-salt, both for 

 the health of the animal and for an inducement to drink more water. 



SUMMARY. 



Nature requires of all animals that nutrients be consumed for body main- 

 tenance, growth and reproduction. This toll must be exacted and other feed 

 added before we should expect milk to be produced or other work performed. 



Different classes of nutrients are required for different functions, and in 

 general protein is required for frame-work, in growth and repair, and in 

 work, with a considerable amount consumed in milk production. While car- 

 bohydrates and fats are more or less interchangeable in function, the ulti- 

 mate end of both is to produce energy. Large amounts are also used in 

 milk production. 



The dairy cow is a machine for converting coarse feed into milk. Cheap 

 feed in the form of forage plants should be supplied in abundance, and ordi- 

 narily not more than one pound of an expensive grain ration should be fed 

 for each three pounds of milk produced. 



Environment should not be overlooked in the feeding barn. Reasonable 

 quiet should be observed. The dairy cow should not be exposed to severe 

 weather conditions. Regularity is essential to good feeding. Plenty water 

 and salt should be provided. 



Hog Raising Versus Hog Cholera. 



Dr. F. D. Owen, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 



There can be no doubt that the present European war has worked vast 

 financial injury to the Southern cotton planter this year. Also there can 

 be no doubt that it contains a valuable lesson, in once more showing the 

 fallacy of the one-crop method of farming, and it has helped to bring into 

 the foreground the adaptability of North Carolina as a stock-raising State, 

 and the need of developing that industry upon our farms. 



For several reasons North Carolina enjoys unique advantages which should 

 put her among the first States in the live stock industry, not the least of 

 which is the climate she enjoys, and which permits of pasturing nearly the 

 year around, and her nearness to a ready market for all such products that 

 can be grown. And it is generally conceded that the animal which gives the 

 quickest returns is the hog. 



Statistics show us that North Carolina has but 1,335,000 hogs, which is 

 equivalent to only 4.7 hogs per farm. Also it is shown that this State im- 

 ports from the Northern and Western States annually more than six and 

 one-half millions of dollars worth of cured meats, besides the fresh meats 

 which are brought in; and as cured meats generally mean pork in one of 

 its various forms, it can be readily seen how good a market there is right 

 here at home, in addition to the live stock markets of Richmond, Baltimore, 

 and other cities. 



But in order to obtain the full measure of profit to be derived from the 

 hog raising industry, there are a number of items which must be thoroughly 

 understood, among which may be mentioned better housing, better pastures, 

 better feeding, and more attention to the animals generally, for a crop of 

 hogs is not going to be successful and make money for the owner if it is not 

 carefully watched and taken care of, any more than a farmer could expect to 

 make a good crop of cotton or tobacco by simply putting the seed into the 

 ground and then come back several months later to harvest the crop. But 

 the thing above all else to be considered is hog cholera, the greatest of all 

 scourges to the hog raiser. 



