8 



The Bulletin. 



Male and Female Scales Are Different. — In Figure 1, note in the en- 

 larged picture that in the extreme lower right-hand corner there is a 

 scale which is oblong in shape rather than rounded. Two other similar 

 scales are seen near the left border of the figure, about an inch from the 

 top. These are male scales, and may be at once distinguished from the 

 female scales, which are nearly circular. The very large circular scales 

 are of the full-grown female insects, and these, at largest, are about the 

 size of a pinhead, so you can see by comparison that the partly grown 

 scales are quite small. Females are usually much more abundant than 

 the males. 



Fig. 2. — THE SAN .JOSE SCALE. 



Infested twig to right ; immature scales in center ; full-grown female scale above ; 

 infested pear fruit to left, showing reddish blotches. 



Young Insects and Young Scales. — Now look at Figure 1 again. On 

 the right-hand border, about an inch from the top, noti'ce an insect which 

 has legs. This is a young scale insect which has a few hours liberty after 

 birth before it begins to feed. At this stage it can crawl about. Several 

 are to be seen in the figure, especially near the top. These young insects 

 when in this active crawling stage are so extremely small as to be barely 

 visible with the unaided eye, and are yellow in color. After the young 



