18 The Bulletin. 



REMEDIES FOR THE SAN JOSE SCALE. 



One thorough spraying (or washing) each year with proper remedies 

 will keep the San Jose Scale in good control. This is amply proven by 

 the experience of hundreds of our fruit-growers and farmers every year.. 



It is best to give the treatment in late winter, before the buds have 

 opened (February or early March), but any time after the leaves are 

 shed in fall and before the buds open in spring will do. Spraying with 

 a regular spray pump is by far the best method. For this treatment the 

 great majority of growers depend on one of the two following: 



Lime-sul'phur Wash (either commercial or home-made), page 19. 



Soluble Oil (of which there are several brands), page 20. 



Other remedies which are used to some extent are: Whale-oil soap, 

 kerosene emulsion, and laundry soap dissolved in water. Each of these 

 is discussed briefly in the following pages — but we must emphasize that 

 the great majority depend either on the lime-sulphur or the soluble oils. 

 As between these two, each has its advantages, and among people who 

 have had ample experience with both, some prefer one and some prefer 

 the other, with the majority favoring the lime-sulphur. The chief points 

 at issue are these: The lime-sulphur has the advantage of being more 

 effective against the fungous diseases, and of whitening the bark so that 

 it is more easy to detect (and correct) any places which have not been 

 thoroughly treated, and its use at the recommended strengths is without 

 danger to the trees ; but it has the disadvantage of being more corrosive 

 in its action on the spraying machinery, somewhat more disagreeable to 

 handle, and is less able to penetrate into very small cracks and crevices 

 than the oil sprays. The oil sprays have the advantage of being less cor- 

 rosive to the spraying machinery, are easier to handle, and are more 

 penetrating into crevices of bark or on fuzzy growth like some young 

 apple twigs ; but they have the disadvantage of being less effective kgainst 

 the fungous diseases, they do not make it so easy to detect places which 

 have been missed in spraying, and their use sometimes results in injury 

 to the trees. 



We have tried to be accurate and impartial in this statement of the 

 case between the lime-sulphur and the oil sprays. In our own work we 

 depend primarily upon the lime-sulphur ; but if we had old, rough-barked 

 apple trees upon which we did not secure satisfactory results from the 

 lime-sulphur, we should not hesitate to use the oils so as to get the benefit 

 of their greater penetration and "spreading" powers ; but in all ordinary 

 cases, or whenever the scale was once brought under control, we should, 

 from all present evidence, depend on the lime-sulphur for the regular 

 yearly winter spraying of the orchard. 



