The Bulletin. 21 



Kerosene Emulsion. — This was the standard remedy in the eastern 

 States before the lime-sulphur wash came into use, and is still used for 

 many other insects. Its disadvantage is that it is quite troublesome to 

 prepare, and if at all carelessly used is liable to injure the trees. For 

 use in winter on peach and plum, we advise that it be used not stronger 

 than 15 per cent oil. For use in winter on apple and pear, it may be 

 used as strong as 25 per cent. Full directions for preparing this wash 

 are given on pages 37 and 38. 



Laundry Soap and Water. — In a limited way we have used ordinary 

 laundry soap as a remedy for San Jose Scale. The soap which we used 

 was "Octagon." We used it at the rate of one pound of soap to one gal- 

 lon of water, as follows : The soap was shaved into thin slices and put in 

 the proper amount of water and placed over fire. When boiling-hot, stir 

 thoroughly to dissolve the soap. Add enough water to make up for 

 evaporation. It is then ready to apply. The extreme simplicity of this 

 remedy makes it an easy one for persons in cities or towns with only a 

 very few trees in the backyard or garden. But this remedy should only 

 be applied in winter, for at that strength it would almost certainly hurt 



leaves or fruit. 



WHEN TO GIVE THE TREATMENT. 



Winter Treatment Best. — As already stated, the best one time to spray 

 for San Jose Scale is late winter (February or early March), before the 

 buds have opened. The later in the winter the better, just so the treat- 

 ment is completed before the buds open. 



Summer Spraying for Scale. — Sometimes we discover the San Jose 

 Scale on our trees in spring or summer, when the strong winter applica- 

 tions cannot be safely made. In this case trees that are only moderately 

 infested will usually live safely until the proper time for treating them 

 in winter. But trees which are badly infested, already weakened or 

 partly dead, may need some immediate treatment. In such cases one 

 may use the regular winter applications, taking care to apply them only 

 on the larger branches, trunks, etc., and not permit it to touch leaves or 

 fruit. But we consider that for such summer treatment it is best to use 

 the self-boiled lime-sulphur wash, which is discussed later in this Bul- 

 letin (p. 36). This wash, which is safe as a summer treatment even 

 on leaves and fruit, is fairly effective against the scale, so that one (or 

 at most two) summer treatments with it will carry the worst trees over 

 until the regular spraying is given.* 



Fall Spraying for Scale. — Although the weight of opinion is in favor 

 of late winter as the one best time to spray for scale, yet a few people 

 prefer fall spraying, and some even spray both in fall and late winter, 

 though we do not think this is necessary as a regular practice. Fall 

 spraying is done after all fruit has been gathered, when the leaves have 



*As the proof of this BuiiLETiN is being read, we come into possession of evidences of 

 at least two cases — this year for the first time — of noticeable "spray injury" from use of 

 the self-boiled lime-sulphiir. We regard this as exceptional and not to be taken seriously, 

 or as a permanent drawback to the use of this wash. 



