30 ' The Bulletin. 



IN'oTE. — Right here a word of caution is needed. Some want to use 

 the weakened Lime-sulphur (as in the third spraying) instead of the 

 Bordeaux. All right for those who prefer — it will do very well ; but the 

 evidence is that the burning effect of Bordeaux Mixture which has been 

 quite conspicuous in recent years comes from the application just after 

 the blossoms fall, and that the Bordeaux can be used for this fourth (and 

 any later) treatment without the burning. Furthermore, the Bordeaux 

 is a better preventive against Bitter Rot and other midsummer diseases 

 than the weakened Lime-sulphur. Hence we would prefer to use it, if 

 we can avoid the burning eifect. 



The United States Department of Agriculture tests show good results 

 when using 4 pounds Bluestone and 4 pounds of Fresh Stone Lime to 50 

 gallons in making Bordeaux for this treatment. But in consideration of 

 some damage in this State, we venture to recommend only 3 pounds of 

 Bluestone and 4 pounds of Fresh Stone Lime to 50 gallons of water. 

 Some of our growers use only 2 pounds Bluestone and some do not use 

 Bordeaux at all, but depend entirely on the Lime-sulphur. In tests made 

 by this office at Greensboro, IST, C, in 1910, leaf spot was a little worse 

 on trees sprayed with Lime-sulphur than on those sprayed with Bordeaux, 

 and the rotting of fruit on the trees began on those sprayed with Lime- 

 sulphur earlier than on those sprayed with Bordeaux. Therefore, we 

 prefer the Bordeaux, but take all possible caution to avoid the burning. 



5. Summer Spraying. — Ten Weehs Later. Use the same as in the pre- 

 vious treatment. 



This treatment should come about middle of July, and will help to 

 prevent the diseases that attack the leaves and fruit late in the season, 

 such as Apple Blotch and Bitter Rot, and the rotting of the fruit on the 

 trees in the waiTQ days of early fall. This midsummer spraying is more 

 important here than in the cooler sections of the United States, and it is 

 more needed in the warmer sections of the State than in our higher and 

 cooler mountain sections. It might be that the rot diseases would be so 

 destructive as to make other summer sprayings desirable; but as this 

 Bulletin is being written primarily with reference to control of the in- 

 sect pests, we will not go further into detail on this point. 



WHICH TREATMENTS ARE MOST IMPORTANT? 



The foregoing outline of five sprayings is for the man who wants the 

 best of results, and is willing to do the work to get the best returns. But 

 many will want to know which treatments they may leave out. Let us 

 see: The spraying just as the buds open (No. 2) reaches the least num- 

 ber of important pests, and so may, perhaps, be omitted more safely than 

 any other. If you have no San Jose Scale, then the winter treatment 

 (No. 1) can be omitted, although it is better to give it anyway (at least 

 every two or three years), even if there is no scale. If you are not 

 troubled with Bitter Rot and the apples rotting on the trees, then you 



