38 The Bulletin. 



lar winter strength of Lime-sulphur Wash cannot be freely used. It is 

 often used against plant lice and some soft-shell species of scale insects. 

 When carefully made and applied as a fine misty spray, it is a very 

 effective insecticide. 



For use on Peach and Plum, we advise that it be used at a strength 

 not greater than 15 per cent oil for treatments in winter and early spring, 

 and not stronger than 10 per cent oil in summer. 



For use on Apple and Pear, it may be used as strong as 25 per cent, 

 or even 50 per cent oil in winter and until the buds open in spring; but 

 after the buds have opened, we advise that it be used not stronger than 

 15 per cent oil. 



Here is the usual fonnula for preparing the Kerosene Emulsion, to- 

 gether with statement of amounts of water to be added to get 10 per cent, 

 or 15 per cent, or 25 per cent, or 50 per cent, of oil : 



Kerosene (coal oil) 2 gallons. 



Laundry or soft soap ^2 pound. 



Water 1 gallon. 



Shave the soap into thin pieces in the water and heat to boiling over 

 fire and stir to dissolve the soap. Then remove from the fire and pour in 

 the 2 gallons of oil, and churn the whole mixture together vigorously 

 for several minutes. This may be done by pumping it through the spray 

 pump, directing the nozzle back into the mixture so that it is sprayed 

 back into itself again. After this whole mass has been thoroughly 

 churned together it will be of a light creamy nature, and will then mi:5^ 

 readily with even cold water. This gives us a total of three gallons, two 

 gallons of which (or 66 per cent) is oil. To reduce this down to the 

 proportions desired, observe the following table : 



To get 10 per cent oil, add 17 gallons of water. 

 To get 15 per cent oil, add 10 gallons of water. 

 . To get 25 per cent oil, add 5 gallons of water. 

 To get 50 per cent oil, add 1 gallon of water. 



If desired, the emulsion may be prepared in less (or greater) quantity 

 than here indicated, but care must be taken to carefully follow the pro- 

 portions here given, so that the final mixture that is sprayed on the trees 

 will be of the desired strength — not more and not less. It often requires 

 a little experience and skill in making the mixture, and a thorough under- 

 standing of how much water to add to reduce the mixture to the strength 

 desired. It must be remembered that this remedy only affects those in- 

 sects that are actually wetted by it, hence the application must be very 

 thorough. 



Soap Solution. — For many soft-bodied insects, such as plant lice, a 

 strong solution of ordinary soap in water is quite effectual. We do not 

 know that the exact proportions necessary for all the different species 



