14 The Bulletin. 



We have been to some pains to ascertain this point for North Caro- 

 lina, and can present the following data: 



April 5 and ,7, 1913. — Twigs from Weaverville, Buncombe County, mailed 

 March 31 and examined on these dates showed that a few were hatching on 

 the 5th and many on the 7th. Nearly all scales examined showed some 

 hatching. 



April 9, 1913. — Orchard infested with Oyster-shell Scale at Morrisville, 

 Wake County, inspected on this date; most of eggs recently hatched, — few 

 young now crawling, — but majority are fixed with skin not yet shed or re- 

 cently shed. Hatching evidently at maximum April 1st to 7th. Twigs which 

 were sent me from this orchard on March 31st hatched abundant young on 

 reaching the office and soon thereafter. 



April 11, 1913. — Examined twigs from Asheville, Buncombe County; 

 hatching nearly over, few eggs still unhatched. 



April 16, 1913. — Examined twigs just received from Azalea, Buncombe 

 County; few young hatched and settled; under other scales are eggs or 

 young which have not yet left the scale. 



On this same point we quote from Mr. R. W. Collett (letter written 

 April 20, 1909) : 



"We have some data collected in 1906 at Blantyre (Transylvania County), 

 vhich indicates April 20th as date of freest hatching, though weather was 

 cool for a few days before. All of them had settled down by May 1st. From 

 April 20th to May 1st would certainly have been the time of easiest control. 

 These notes were from careful observation." 



Although the localities from which these notes were made vary from 

 Morrisville, Wake County, at altitude of about 400 feet, to Blantyre, 

 Transylvania County, where the apple orchard is nearly 2,500 feet ele- 

 vation, and though the observations are for the well-separated years of 

 1906 and 1913, still, April is positively indicated as being the chief 

 month in which the over-wintering eggs hatch. But an event of this 

 sort will take place more in accordance with the season than with the 

 calendar. In forward seasons they would certainly hatch in March in 

 the more eastern localities; and in backward seasons they might not 

 hatch until mid-May or later in the higher, cooler mountain localities. 



In the orchard examined at Morrisville, most of the eggs were 

 hatched by April 9 (1913), but the same trees were not yet in full bloom, 

 which is slightly at variance with the criterion given by Quaintance 

 and Sasscer. 



As to the date of hatching of the second brood, we have no definite 

 data, though in Tennessee Professor Bentley says that the time in that 

 State is "along in July and August." 



Growers whose trees are infested with this scale can easily determine 

 the time of greatest hatching by watching for the appearance of the 

 very small, yellowish, crawling lice, which when in great abundance 

 give the twigs the appearance of having been lightly dusted with a 

 yellowish powder. 



