The Bulletin. 21 



twigs, because "I have been using my spray pump and glad I can not 

 furnish them out of my orchard." 



Mr. T. N. Woodruff, of Lowgap, Alleghany County, wrote on April 

 6, 1912 : "This scale has been a hard one for me to manage until I 

 tried the self -boiled lime-sulphur; now I have only two small trees in- 

 fested, and these were overlooked last year." As the self-boiled lime- 

 sulphur is a spring and summer treatment we must believe that his 

 sprayings reached either the young which hatched in April, or the 

 young of the second brood which hatched in the summer. 



There is yet another experience to relate. Mr. R. W. Collett, now 

 Superintendent of the Buncombe Test Farm, on April 14, 1913, writes: 

 "In 1902 or 1903 I sprayed the Stuart orchard (in Cherokee County), 

 using standard strength whale oil soap, with the result that the follow- 

 ing summer you and I made thorough examination and failed to find 

 scale, though the infestation had been quite serious — some of the trees 

 had died." 



The whale oil soap here referred to is made and sold by Jas. Good, 

 939 N. Front street, Philadelphia, Pa. Used at the rate of 1% pounds 

 dissolved in 1 gallon of hot water, and applied in winter, it was for 

 many years one of the favorite remedies for scale insects, and it is still 

 used to considerable extent. 



Formulas and Directions For the Remedies. 



Soluble Oils (also called "Mixible Oils"). These are oils so pre- 

 pared that they will mix readily with water, thereby making it possible 

 to easily obtain any desired strength without the trouble of preparing 

 the old-time kerosene emulsion. They furnish an excellent remedy for 

 many scale-insects, and owing to their powers of penetration into re- 

 mote crevices and through resistant scales they are preferred by many 

 above the lime-sulphur washes. However, their effect as against fungous 

 diseases seems to be decidedly less than the lime-sulphurs. For 

 use against the Oyster-shell Scale we give them first choice, although 

 when once it is under control we believe that it would be held in check 

 (and the orchard would be more benefited in other ways) by depending 

 on the lime-sulphur washes. 



Although there are several different brands of the soluble oils on 

 the market, yet they are quite similar in general character and action, 

 and the same strengths of each seem to give about the same results. 



Used at the rate of 1 gallon of soluble oil mixed with 10 gallons water, 

 and applied in late winter (March, in our tests), they have given good 

 results against the Oyster-shell Scale. If used at rate of 1 gallon to S 

 gallons water the results would presumably be a little better, and apple 

 trees are not hurt by this strength if it is applied before the buds open. 



The following: firms manufacture and sell these soluble oils (and there 

 are doubtless others) : 



B. G. Pratt Co., 50 Church St., New York City ("Scalecide"). 

 Thomsen Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md. ("Orchard Brand Soluble Oil."). 



