10 



The Bulletin. 



ANIMAL FEEDING AND NUTRITION. 



A fundamental distinction between plants and animals is this: 

 Plants manufacture, so to speak, foods; animals consume, but cannot 

 manufacture, food. The}' merely transform — more or less modify — the 

 food they get from plants, utilize it for their own growth and mainten- 

 ance and for doing work, or else store it up in their bodies or, as in the 

 case of milk, excrete it. 



Animals get the mineral matter for forming bone from plants, a small 

 portion also from water. The function of the carbohydrates and fats 

 in animal nutrition is the production of warmth and energy; for this 

 purpose fat has two and four-tenths the value of carbohydrate pound 

 for pound. The function of protein is to build up, repair and sustain 

 the vital portions of the animal organism, — blood, muscle, nerve, 

 brain; the fats and carbohydrates cannot do this. Protein is capa- 

 ble also of being oxidized, or burned, in the body and producing 

 warmth and energy; and in the absence of adequate fats and carbo- 

 hydrates is thus utilized; but this is, beside being extravagant, un- 

 wholesome. A well balanced ration is one that contains protein, fat, 

 carbohydrate in proper proportion to meet the needs of the animal. 

 These needs vary with the kind of animal, its age and uses. 



The following are excellent hand-books on animal feeding and nutri- 

 tion : — 



"Feeds and Feeding" by Prof. W. A. Henry; "Profitable Stock 

 Feeding" by Prof. H. W. Smith; "Manual of Cattle Feeding" by 

 Prof. II. P. Annsby; "The Feeding of Animals" by W. H. Jordan. 



COMPOSITION OF SOME PURE UNADULTERATED FEEDING STUFFS. 



^Compiled from "Henry's Feeds and Feeding," whose tables are 

 "taken mainly from Farmers' Bulletin 22, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 



By comparing the analyses in this table with the analyses of feeding 

 stuffs, collected in this State, whose analyses are published in this 

 bulletin, one may gain an idea of the purity and worth of these feeding 

 stuffs. 



Percentage Composition 



Corn, dent- 

 Flint.- 



Heal 



Cob.— 

 Bran-.. 



Wheat 



Bran 



Middlings. 

 Shorts 



Screenings 



Oats 



Hulls 



Rice 



Hulls 



Bran 



Polish 



Cotton-seed Meal- 

 Hulls 



