The Bulletin. 13 



to have some crop other than corn on the land for tivo years after sod. 



In Massachusetts, Dr. Fernald reported good results by planting seed 

 coated with gas-tar and then dusted in a bucket of fine dust and Paris- 

 green sufficient to give the corn a greenish color, this' apparently repel- 

 ling the insects and not affecting germination. ^ 



The cultural methods here referred to are further discussed under the 

 heads of Rotation (p. 6), Fertilization (p. 7), Fall Plowing (p. 7), 

 Planting Increased Quantity of Seed (p. 7), Cultivation (p. 8), and 

 Selection of Lands (p. 8). 



WHITE GRUBS (Several Species). 

 Order Coleoptera. Family Scai'abceidce. 



Description. — Thick-bodied whitish grubs reaching a length of l^/^ 

 inches; when disturbed, often curling up tightly; infesting sod lands or 

 fields where much manure or decaying vegetation is present ; living un- 

 derground and doing damage by eating roots from corn, grasses, or other 

 plants. When fully grown they change to brown "May-beetles," or 

 green "June Bugs." 



Injury in North Carolina. — As with other underground insects, in- 

 jury by White Grubs is apt to pass unnoticed unless it becomes very seri- 

 ous, and also their presence in gardens and cultivated fields is taken so 

 much as a matter of course that definite complaints of their injuries are 

 infrequent in this State. But it cannot be otherwise than true that the 

 total damage by them to our corn crop is considerable. 



During inspection of wheat-fields in the spring, we have found these 

 Grubs doing injury, though usually not to a serious extent. 



White Grubs have been complained of to us as a pest in gardens, lawns, 

 greenhouses, in grass fields, and in farm crops. But the most serious and 

 definite complaint we have ever had came in August, 1913, from Mr. 

 George F. Ogilvie, Oakwoods, Wilkes County. As this was evidently a 

 typical White Grub outbreak, I quote from Mr. Ogilvie's letters, as show- 

 ing the extent to which these pests may do damage : 



"I have a few patches that I have been manuring up with stable manure, 

 and at this time thousands of large White Grubs work under the manure. 

 They throw up the dirt until one's feet sink in it. Where I have sown small 

 seeds like spinach, they have completely ruined it. I have used on some plats 

 a very large quantity of ashes, and yet the grubs are everywhere, even where 

 you can see the ashes in the land." 



(Latkk) "Since I wrote you, they have been worse. I resowed my spinach 

 plat, and they have again completely ruined it. I never saw anything like it ; 

 the whole surface of the ground is heaved and churned up until one sinks 

 almost over the shoes."- 



' ^This statement from "Insects of Farm, Garden, and Orchard," by E. D. Sanderson, 

 p. S.*^. I have not at hand the original report on the Massachusetts experiments. 



-An interesting fact in this connection is that twelve years before this time, when I 

 was in that vicinity on other work, Mr. Ogilvie was mentioned to me as a man who toolj 

 special pains to manure his land heavily. — Author. 



