The Bulletin. 7 



shaped, but more pointed at one end, and slightly flattened. Indeed, it 

 has been well described as resembling a tiny bit of cheese or yelloAV 

 butter. Press the body with the point of the knife or pin and it is 

 easily crushed, yielding a tiny bit of yellowish, oily liquid. If, on the 

 other hand, the insect is dead, the dried body will likely be found simply 

 as a thin yellowish-brown particle under the scale. 



If you simpty rub the flat of the knife blade along a thickly infested 

 branch the insects will be crushed in such numbers that the oil from their 

 bodies becomes quite conspicuous, though of course not enough to run 

 down the limb. 



Where to Find it on the Tree.— The insect feeds by inserting its tiny 

 beak into the bark and sucking out the sap. The young insects are so 

 very small and delicate that they can not settle well on old tough bark, 

 and on the other hand the very newest growth is so young that there are 

 not likely to be many full-grown scales upon it, so that it is usually 

 on the wood of last year and the year before that the scales are most 

 readily found, and in examining a tree for this insect we should exam- 

 ine especially wood of that age. Thus in inspecting nursery stock we 

 would look on the trunk and on the larger branches, while in orchards we 

 look on the two-year wood near the ends of the branches. Of course it 

 may be found also on either the newer or older wood, but it is more often 

 found on the one and two-year growths. 



The young insects in their search for a place where they can insert 

 their tiny, delicate beaks, often settle on the fruit. If the fruit is green, 

 whitish or yellow in color the infestation may be quite readily detected by 

 the reddish blotches (Fig. 2) ; but if the fruit be red, these will not show 

 so plainly. Remember, however, that there may be reddish blotches or 

 pimples on the fruits which are not caused by the San Jose Scale, and 

 you should examine them closely to make sure. 



The insects also show a decided tendency to settle close by, or under 

 the buds, and at the rings which mark the end of a year's growth. In 

 inspecting trees special attention should be given to these portions. 



Male and Female Scales are Different.— in Figure i, note in the 



enlarged picture that in the extreme lower right hand corner there is a 

 scale which is oblong in shape rather than rounded. Two other similar 

 scales are seen near the left border of the figure, about an inch from the 

 top. These are male scales, and may be at once distinguished from the 

 feniale scales, which are nearly circular. The very large circular scales 

 are of the full-grown female insects, and these, at largest, are about the 

 size of a pin head, so you can see by comparison that the partly grown 

 scales are quite small. Females are usually much more abundant than 

 the males. 



Young Insects and Young Scales.-N'ow look at Figure i again. 



On the right hand border, about an inch from the top, notice an insect 

 which has legs. This is a young scale insect which has a few hours 

 liberty after birth before it begins to feed. At this stage it can crawl 

 about. Several are to be seen in the figure, especially near the top. 

 These young insects when in this active crawling stage are so extremely 

 small as to be barely visible with the unaided eye, and are yellow in 



