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The Bulletin. 



color. After the young insect has crawled about for an hour or so it 

 becomes hungry and inserts its slender, delicate beak into the tender 

 bark and begins to suck the sap. Then the scale begins to form over 

 its body. At first it is oblong, of the same shape as the body of the 

 young insect and whitish, as shown in the center of the figure, at the 

 top. Then the scale becomes more rounded, and as it grows it becomes 

 darker, until it is dark gray or almost black. Once the scale begins to 

 form over the body the insect remains attached to the bark at that spot. 



Fig. 2.— the SAN JOSE SCALE. 



Infested twig to right; immature scales in center; full grown female scale above; infested pear 



fruit to left, showing reddish blotches. 



The Full-grown Insects. — The full-grown female insects always re- 

 main under their circular scales and there give birth to their living 

 young, for this species does not lay eggs as is the case with most insects. 

 The males, on the other hand, finally develop into tiny two-winged 

 fly-like insects, but in consequence of their sex they can not play much 

 part in spreading the insect, as young can only be born where females 

 are present, and these, as we have stated, remain attached to the twigs. 



The Life-history of the Insect.— Many points in the life-history 

 have already been mentioned. The females begin to give birth to living 

 young in the spring. In this the San Jose Scale is an exception to the 



