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The Bulletin. 33 



for several rainutes. This may be done by pumping it tbrougli the spray 

 pump, directing the nozzle back into the mixture so that it is sprayed 

 back into itself again. After this whole mass has been thoroughly 

 churned together it will be of a light creamy nature, and will then mix 

 readily with even cold water. This gives us a total of three gallons, 

 two gallons of which (or 66 per cent) is oil. To reduce his down to the 

 proportions desired, observe the following table : 



To get 10 per cent oil, add 17 gallons of water. 

 To get 15 per cent oil, add 10 gallons of wat^r. 

 To get 25 per cent oil, add 5 gallons of water. 

 To get 50 per cent oil, add 1 gallon of water. 



If desired, the emulsion may be prepared in less (or greater) quantity 

 than here indicated, but care must be taken to carefully follow the pro- 

 portions here given, so that the final mixture that is sprayed on the trees 

 will be of the desired strength — not more and not less. It often requires 

 a little experience and skill in making the mixture and a thorough 

 understanding of how much water to add to reduce the mixture to the 

 strength desired. It must be remembered that this remedy only affects 

 those insects that are actually wetted by it, hence the application must 

 be very thorough. 



Soap Solution. —For many soft-bodied insects, such as plant lice, a 

 strong solution of ordinary soap in water is quite effectual. We do not 

 know that the exact proportions necessary for all the different species 

 has been worked out, but we have used the following with excellent 

 results against the gray Cabbage-louse, which often infests cabbage and 

 turnips in the spring, and no doubt the same strength would be effectual 

 against the Black Peach Aphis and the Green Apple Aphis, which often 

 infest the young growth of peach and apple trees in spring and early 

 summer : 



f 



Laundry soap 1 1-2 pounds. 



Water 4 gallons. 



The soap should preferably be of a cheap grade which contains plenty 

 of lye. It is shaved into thin pieces in about 2 gallons of water, which 

 is then heated to boiling over the fire. Stir vigorously to thoroughly 

 dissolve the soap. Then add 2 gallons of cold water (or more, if needed, 

 so as to make 4 gallons in all) and spray while it is still warm. 



This is such a simple preparation, so cheap and easy to prepare that, 

 if needed, several applications can be. made. It must be remembered 

 that it (like the Kerosene Emulsion) only affects those insects that are 

 actually wetted by it, hence the application must be very thorough. 



We have used ordinary laundry soap and water as a remedy for San 

 Jose Scale, prepared in the same way, but using 1 pound of soap to 1 

 gallon of water — but at this strength it should be used only in winter, or 

 at least while there is no fruit or foliage on the trees. 



