The Bulletin. 5 



Priininc: shears are very convenient and may be used in cutting 

 scions from the trees, in the making of cuttings and in ])runing out 

 undesirable branches when top-working trees. Those illustrated in 

 the accompanying figure (Fig. 4) are the best type of hand-shears. 



Fig. 4.— Pruning Shears. 



For work in grafting, an ordinary fine-toothed pruning saw may 

 be used. No saw will prove more satisfactory than the common back- 

 saw used by carpenters for fine work. The teeth are small and a very 

 smooth cut is left. 



Annular or ring buds are very difficult to cut with a common bud- 

 ding knife so that they will fit. Two blades may be attached, parallel 

 to each other, on a piece of wood an inch or so square. Several bud- 

 ding tools have been invented for cutting annular buds. A satisfac- 

 tory one is illustrated in Fig. 5. The holes along the handle are used 



Fig. 5. -White's Budding Tool. 



in measuring the diameter of the stock and bud-stick so as to select 

 buds that will fit. 



WAXES AND BANDAGES. 



Grafting Wax. — Good grafting wax may be made from resin, bees- 

 wax and tallow or linseed oil. A large number of formulas have been 

 used, but the following are good and may be taken as representative : 



1. Resin, 6 pounds; beeswax, 2 pounds; linseed oil, 1 pint. 



2. Resin, 4 pounds ; beeswax, 2 pounds ; tallow, 1 pound. 



