10 The Bulletin. 



are called malt siDroiits and are rich in protein and mineral matter. 

 Thej are good feed for pigs and cattle. 



Dried Brewers' Grains consist of the residue left after '"mashing" 

 the malt, whereby the greater portion of the carbohydrates are con- 

 verted into sugar and removed. They are largely employed locally 

 as feed for dairy cows. The grains direct from the breweries contain 

 too much water and are too liable to change to permit of their being 

 used except in the immediate vicinity of breweries. When dried 

 they are a valuable feed and are sold under the name of dried brewers^ 



gTams. 



From Peanuts. 



Peanut Cake or Meal is the residue from the extraction of oil from 

 the peanut kernel. It is a very valuable concentrated feed, being 

 rich in both protein and fat. This product, as well as other concen- 

 trated feeds, is not infrequently adulterated by grinding with it pea- 

 nut shells. 



From Cotton Seed. 



Cotton-Seed Meal is the ground residue from the extraction of cot- 

 ton-seed oil from the cotton-seed kernels. Cotton-seed meal of stand- 

 ard grade in this State must contain 7^'^ per cent of ammonia, which 

 is equal to 38.62 per cent protein. Higher grade meals contain 

 forty and more per cent. When of good quality there is no better 

 feed on our markets for beef cattle and milk cows. Cotton-seed meal 

 is sometimes adulterated with cotton-seed hulls. Occasionally cotton- 

 seed meal from Sea Island cotton seed comes on our market. It is 

 never as valuable as the meal from our upland cotton seed, because 

 it is impossible to separate the hulls from it. It usually has one-half 

 to two-thirds the feeding value of good upland meal. 



Composition of Feeds. 



An analysis of a feed should give the percentages of protein, fat, 

 crude fiber, ash, moisture, and nitrogen- free extract. 



Per cent means the number of pounds in 100. 



If a feed has 15 per cent protein, it contains 15 pounds of this- 

 nutrient in every 100 pounds of the feed, or in a ton (20x15) three 

 hundred (300) pounds of protein. 



By chemical iiiuilysis foods are separated into six classes of sub- 

 stances, viz. : 



1. Water, which is present in all feediug stuH's. It composes about 

 80 per cent of green and succulent fodders, about 90 per cent of root 

 crops, 75 per cent of silage aiul 10 to 15 per cent of hays and grains.* 

 lu these it is present as mechanically adhering or hygToscopic moist- 

 ure. It is a necessary constituent of the animal body, of which it 

 makes up 40 to 65 per cent. Water is determined by heating the 

 substance for several hours at the temperature of boiling water, at 

 which temperature it passes off as steam. 



