The Bulletin. 



13 



The full-growu female insect always remains under the large, gi-ay, 

 circular scale and there gives birth to her living young. The adult 

 female is without legs, wings, or even eyes (Fig. 5), but she is pro- 

 vided with a slender organ resembling a whip-lash which serves to 

 draw the sap from the tree. Her reproductive powers are very great, 

 as will be shown later. Indeed, her entire activities are confined to 

 the taking of food and giving birth to young. 



We have seen that the males develop under oblong scales, but when 

 they become adult, instead of being helplessly fastened to the tree like 

 the female, they develop into delicate, tiny winged creatures, as 

 shown, very greatly enlarged, in Fig. 6. Below the right wing in 

 picture notice a small circle with a little mark in the center. This 

 little mark (not the circle) shows the actual size of the adult male 

 insect ; so you can see that it is quite small. The adult male is pro- 



FlG. 6.— Adult male of San Jose Scale. Compare with adult female as shown in Fig. 5. (The 

 tiny mark in the circle below the right wing indicates the actual size of the insect). (After Howard 

 and Marlatt, U. S. Dept. Agr.). 



vided with legs, wings, antennae ("feelers") and with tiuo pairs of 

 eyes. One of these pairs of eyes occupies the place of the mouth, for 

 this adult male takes no food, and lives only a short time, but during 

 that time provides for the continuation of the species. 



LIFE-HISTORY OF THE INSECT. 



In discussing the different stages of the insect many points in its 

 life-history have been mentioned, but a repetition and summing up 

 may emphasize them. The adult females begin to give birth to 

 living young in the spring. In this the San Jose Scale is an excep- 

 tion, as most insects lay eggs. Breeding in this State begins from 



