The Bulletin. 19 



related to our "Twice-stabbed" species, and indeed one cannot easily 

 tell one from the other. This also feeds upon the San Jose Scale, 

 but thus far has not shown itself capable of holding it in practical 

 control. We must still rely upon the spray pump if we wish to keep 

 this pest in subjection. 



REMEDIES. 



The remedy which is at the present time most widely used against 

 the San Jose Scale is the Lime-sulphur wash, applied with a spray 

 pump. When carefully prepared and thoroughly applied it is 

 invariably effective. Its objections are that it is somewhat trouble- 

 some to prepare, and is destructive to spraying apparatus by reason 

 of its corrosive action. This latter point can be largely overcome by 

 using brass pumps. Copper pumps or tanks are quickly destroyed 

 by it. Ample experience has proven that salt, blue-stone, or other 

 materials added to the wash do not appreciably increase its effective- 

 ness, hence we have not discussed them. 



As an alternative for those who wish to avoid the .use of the 

 Lime-sulphur wash, we recommend the material known as "Scale- 

 cide." This is an oil preparation which mixes easil}^ with water 

 and is then ready for immediate use. Its disadvantages are that it 

 is not so certain as a remedy as the Lime-sulphur wash, and it is 

 more costly per gallon, though many think that these drawbacks 

 are more than offset by the ease with which it is used. We give 

 complete directions for the use of both of these washes. 



As "Scalecide" has much the same characteristics as a remedy 

 for scale as kerosene or kerosene emulsion, and as it is much more 

 readily prepared, we have, for sake of simplicity, omitted any 

 discussion of kerosene or its emulsions. 



It should be noted that both these remedies are only to be used 

 in the late fall or winter season. It is impracticable to make a 

 really successful fight against the scale in summer, and the winter 

 treatments must be mainly relied upon. If the scale is discovered 

 during the summer when the orchard cannot be treated, the best 

 plan is to immediately remove and burn all trees or branches that are 

 already dead or dying and determine carefully the extent of the 

 infestation, so that when the winter season comes it can be fought 

 to best advantage. 



Lime-sulphur Wash. 



There is a great deal of variation in the quantities of lime and 

 sulphur used by growers to make a barrel of this wash, two men 

 w^ith orchards standing side by side often using different quantities 

 with practically the same results. Therefore a slight departure from 

 the fixed formulas is not a serious matter, and this safety with which 



